TDDE45 Software Design and Construction

Literature

The course literature consists of online resources and scientific papers, as well as a reference textbook on Design Patterns:

Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides (the authors and/or the book are often referred to as the Gang of Four or GoF) Hardcover: 395 pages Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional; 1st edition (January 15, 1995) Language: English ISBN: 0201633612

An alternative is:

• Head First Design Patterns by Freeman and Freeman, ISBN: 9780596007126, O'Reilly. This book is more verbose and less scientific; it is slightly easier to comprehend.

Below is a list of literature from the previous course TDDB84 (which had more focus on design patterns) and includes papers not necessary to pass this course; it is still interesting to read them if you want to know more details. During the course you may also need to search for additional research papers on your own. For this you could use the online search engines of LiU , Google Scholar or other search tools for scientific papers that you are familiar with.

Understanding design patterns

Mainly the course book, see above.

Also, related to the history of design patterns:

• Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham. Using pattern languages for object-oriented programs . Technical Report CR-87-43, Tektronix, Inc., September 17, 1987. Presented at the OOPSLA'87 workshop on Specification and Design for Object-Oriented Programming.
• E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, J. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Abstraction and Reuse of Object-Oriented Design . European Conference on Object Oriented Programming ECOOP 93, Springer Verlag, 1993
• Christopher Alexander's talk at the 1996 ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programs, Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA). The Origins of Pattern Theory the Future of the Theory, And The Generation of a Living World.

Design Patterns and Software Qualities

SOLID is an acronym for a set of design principles in object-oriented design of software. The Wikipedia description of SOLID is good, but you might also need to find examples of violations of these principles, in order to understand how they are to be applied.

• Example of a violation of the Open-Closed Principle
• Example of a violation of Liskov's Substition Principle

Design patterns and software quality:

• Software Quality , definitions and metrics.
• The Ptidej team at Polytechnique Montréal
• David Chappell. The Three Aspects of Software Quality: Functional, Structural, and Process. (Non-reviewed paper, but still a good introduction)
• J. Bansiya and C. Davis. A hierarchical model for object-oriented design quality assessment. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 28(1):4-17, Jan 2002.
• Cheng Zhang; Budgen, D., "What Do We Know about the Effectiveness of Software Design Patterns?" , IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.38, no.5, pp.1213,1231, Sept.-Oct. 2012
• A. Ampatzoglou, S. Charalampidou, and I. Stamelos, "Research state of the art on gof design patterns: A mapping study", Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 86, no. 7, pp. 1945-1964, 2013.
• A. Ampatzoglou, A. Chatzigeorgiou, S. Charalampidou, and P. Avgeriou, "The effect of gof design patterns on stability: A case study," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 41, pp. 781-802, Aug 2015.

Software metrics

• Chidamber, Shyam R., and Chris F. Kemerer. "A metrics suite for object oriented design." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 20.6 (1994): 476-493.
• Harrison, Rachel, Steve J. Counsell, and Reuben V. Nithi. "An evaluation of the MOOD set of object-oriented software metrics." Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 24.6 (1998): 491-496.
• MOOD Metrics plugin in Eclipse
• Google CodePro AnalytiX Eclipse plugin for measuring software quality metrics. Update 2017-10-04: No longer maintained and available from Google
• Metrics plugin in Eclipse, with cohesion metrics included

Design patterns, paradigms and languages

• A debate on language and tool support for design patterns
• I. Maier, T. Rompf, and M. Odersky. Deprecating the observer pattern. Technical report, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 2010.
• J. Gil and D. Lorenz. Design patterns and language design. IEEE Computer, 31(3):118-120, March 1998.
• G. Baumgartner, K. Läufer, and V. F. Russo. On the interaction of object-oriented design patterns and programming languages. Computer Science Technical Reports 96-020, Purdue University, Department of Computer Science, 1996.
• J. Bosch. Design patterns as language constructs. Blekinge Institute of Technology Research report, ISSN 1103-1581.
• D. Spinellis. Notable design patterns for domain-specific languages. Journal of Systems and Software, 56(1):91 - 99, 2001.
• F. Schmager, N. Cameron, and J. Noble, "GohHotdDaw: Evaluating the go programming language with design patterns," in Evaluation and Usability of Programming Languages and Tools, PLATEAU '10, (New York, NY, USA), pp. 10:1-10:6, ACM, 2010.

Some design patterns in different languages. For example Proxy:

• In Java, most often implemented dynamically using an InvocationHandler or a third-party class generation package such as CGLIB .
• In C#, proxies can be created as dynamic objects using the class DynamicObject , or using a third-party class generation package such as Castle Project .
• In Ruby, you typically catch method calls to non-existing methods through method_missing to create a Proxy.
• In Objective-C, forwarding unknown messages (method calls) is used to create dynamic proxies.
• In Common Lisp, you can define a custom dispatch mechanism for methods that are are proxy methods by using the Meta-Object Protocol to declare that they are a special kind of methods, which means that they can be made into proxy methods.

Programming paradigms and design patterns:

• E. Bainomugisha, A. L. Carreton, T. v. Cutsem, S. Mostinckx, and W. d. Meuter. A survey on reactive programming . ACM Comput. Surv., 45(4):52:1-52:34, Aug. 2013.
• Z. Wan and P. Hudak. Functional reactive programming from first principles . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI '00, pages 242-252, New York, NY, USA, 2000. ACM.
• Resources on Parallel Patterns

Design patterns and application frameworks

• M. Fayad and D. C. Schmidt. Object-oriented application frameworks. Communications of the ACM, 40(10), October 1997.
• R. E. Johnson. Frameworks = (Components + Patterns). Communications of the ACM, 40(10):39-42, 1997.
• S. MacDonald, J. Anvik, S. Bromling, J. Schaeffer, D. Szafron, and K. Tan. From patterns to frameworks to parallel programs. Parallel Computing, 28(12):1663 - 1683, 2002.
• J. Hannemann and G. Kiczales. Design pattern implementation in Java and AspectJ. SIGPLAN Notices, 37(11):161-173, Nov. 2002.

Some design patterns are implemented using more or less standardized components or techniques. Here is a list to external resources for some of them. More references are in the lecture material and will be moved here for easier reference.

• Abstract Factory, implemented using Dependency Injection (Inversion of Control) frameworks:
  • In Java Enterprise Edition, Dependency Injection is part of the standard as CDI
  • In Java, there are also third-party dependency injection frameworks such as Spring
  • The Open Source frameworkNinject in .Net (C#/VB)
  • The Open Source framework StructureMap in .Net (C#/VB).
  • The Open Source framework Castle Project in .Net (C#/VB).
  • Microsoft's DI framework Unity in .Net (C#/VB)
• Observer:
  • In Java, all classes in the standard library called something with Listener are typically observers. To implement your very own, with no no connection to existing event sources, you would probably start with the class Observable
  • In C#, you typically observe events in sequences of items, and implement IObservable

Various topics

Below you will find topics which might not nessacarily concern a specific seminar.

Critique and reflections

These are some of the critiques usually found against the (over-)use of design patterns in software.

• On the use of an Inversion of Control (IoC) container for Dependency Injection in Spring , an application framework for Java.
• On the harmful effects of using the Singleton pattern .
• On the underspecified Visitor pattern .
• On the difficult-to-understand-and-debug Template Method design pattern .
• On the absence of Design patterns in dynamic languages, Peter Norvig. Object World 1996.
• Critique against Dependency Injection when using open languages like Ruby

Design Patterns in specific domains

• Game Design Patterns by Jussi Holopainen and Staffan Björk, Lecture notes from the Game Developers' Conference 2003.
• E. B. Fernandez and R. Pan, "A pattern language for security models," in Proceedings of PLoP 2001, 2001.

Page responsible: Martin Sjölund
Last updated: 2021-10-28