Alternative | Primary | Alternative | Primary | Alternative | Primary |
<% | { | and | && | and_eq | &= |
%> | } | bitor | | | or_eq | |= |
<: | [ | or | || | xor_eq | ^= |
:> | ] | xor | ^ | not | ! |
%: | # | compl | ~ | not_eq | != |
%:%: | ## | bitand | & |
00A8 | 00AA | 00AD | 00AF | 00B2-00B5 |
00B7-00BA | 00BC-00BE | 00C0-00D6 | 00D8-00F6 | 00F8-00FF |
0100-167F | 1681-180D | 180F-1FFF | ||
200B-200D | 202A-202E | 203F-2040 | 2054 | 2060-206F |
2070-218F | 2460-24FF | 2776-2793 | 2C00-2DFF | 2E80-2FFF |
3004-3007 | 3021-302F | 3031-D7FF | ||
F900-FD3D | FD40-FDCF | FDF0-FE44 | FE47-FFFD | |
10000-1FFFD | 20000-2FFFD | 30000-3FFFD | 40000-4FFFD | 50000-5FFFD |
60000-6FFFD | 70000-7FFFD | 80000-8FFFD | 90000-9FFFD | A0000-AFFFD |
B0000-BFFFD | C0000-CFFFD | D0000-DFFFD | E0000-EFFFD |
0300-036F | 1DC0-1DFF | 20D0-20FF | FE20-FE2F |
alignas | continue | friend | register | true |
alignof | decltype | goto | reinterpret_cast | try |
asm | default | if | return | typedef |
auto | delete | inline | short | typeid |
bool | do | int | signed | typename |
break | double | long | sizeof | union |
case | dynamic_cast | mutable | static | unsigned |
catch | else | namespace | static_assert | using |
char | enum | new | static_cast | virtual |
char16_t | explicit | noexcept | struct | void |
char32_t | export | nullptr | switch | volatile |
class | extern | operator | template | wchar_t |
const | false | private | this | while |
constexpr | float | protected | thread_local | |
const_cast | for | public | throw |
Suffix | Decimal literal | Binary, octal, or hexadecimal literal |
none | int | int |
long int | unsigned int | |
long long int | long int | |
unsigned long int | ||
long long int | ||
unsigned long long int | ||
u or U | unsigned int | unsigned int |
unsigned long int | unsigned long int | |
unsigned long long int | unsigned long long int | |
l or L | long int | long int |
long long int | unsigned long int | |
long long int | ||
unsigned long long int | ||
Both u or U | unsigned long int | unsigned long int |
and l or L | unsigned long long int | unsigned long long int |
ll or LL | long long int | long long int |
unsigned long long int | ||
Both u or U | unsigned long long int | unsigned long long int |
and ll or LL |
new-line | NL(LF) | \n |
horizontal tab | HT | \t |
vertical tab | VT | \v |
backspace | BS | \b |
carriage return | CR | \r |
form feed | FF | \f |
alert | BEL | \a |
backslash | \ | \\ |
question mark | ? | \? |
single quote | ' | \' |
double quote | " | \" |
octal number | ooo | \ooo |
hex number | hhh | \xhhh |
Source | Means | Source | Means | Source | Means | |||
u"a" | u"b" | u"ab" | U"a" | U"b" | U"ab" | L"a" | L"b" | L"ab" |
u"a" | "b" | u"ab" | U"a" | "b" | U"ab" | L"a" | "b" | L"ab" |
"a" | u"b" | u"ab" | "a" | U"b" | U"ab" | "a" | L"b" | L"ab" |
no cv-qualifier | < | const |
no cv-qualifier | < | volatile |
no cv-qualifier | < | const volatile |
const | < | const volatile |
volatile | < | const volatile |
Specifier(s) | Type |
type-name | the type named |
simple-template-id | the type as defined in [temp.names] |
template-name | placeholder for a type to be deduced |
char | “char” |
unsigned char | “unsigned char” |
signed char | “signed char” |
char16_t | “char16_t” |
char32_t | “char32_t” |
bool | “bool” |
unsigned | “unsigned int” |
unsigned int | “unsigned int” |
signed | “int” |
signed int | “int” |
int | “int” |
unsigned short int | “unsigned short int” |
unsigned short | “unsigned short int” |
unsigned long int | “unsigned long int” |
unsigned long | “unsigned long int” |
unsigned long long int | “unsigned long long int” |
unsigned long long | “unsigned long long int” |
signed long int | “long int” |
signed long | “long int” |
signed long long int | “long long int” |
signed long long | “long long int” |
long long int | “long long int” |
long long | “long long int” |
long int | “long int” |
long | “long int” |
signed short int | “short int” |
signed short | “short int” |
short int | “short int” |
short | “short int” |
wchar_t | “wchar_t” |
float | “float” |
double | “double” |
long double | “long double” |
void | “void” |
auto | placeholder for a type to be deduced |
decltype(auto) | placeholder for a type to be deduced |
decltype(expression) | the type as defined below |
Subclause | Expression | As member function | As non-member function |
@a | (a).operator@ ( ) | operator@(a) | |
a@b | (a).operator@ (b) | operator@(a, b) | |
a=b | (a).operator= (b) | ||
a[b] | (a).operator[](b) | ||
a-> | (a).operator->( ) | ||
a@ | (a).operator@ (0) | operator@(a, 0) |
Conversion | Category | Rank | Subclause |
No conversions required | Identity | ||
Lvalue-to-rvalue conversion | |||
Array-to-pointer conversion | Lvalue Transformation | ||
Function-to-pointer conversion | Exact Match | ||
Qualification conversions | |||
Function pointer conversion | Qualification Adjustment | ||
Integral promotions | |||
Floating-point promotion | Promotion | Promotion | |
Integral conversions | |||
Floating-point conversions | |||
Floating-integral conversions | |||
Pointer conversions | Conversion | Conversion | |
Pointer to member conversions | |||
Boolean conversions |
Operator | Value when parameter pack is empty |
&& | true |
|| | false |
, | void() |
Clause | Category | |
Language support library | ||
Diagnostics library | ||
General utilities library | ||
Strings library | ||
Localization library | ||
Containers library | ||
Iterators library | ||
Algorithms library | ||
Numerics library | ||
Input/output library | ||
Regular expressions library | ||
Atomic operations library | ||
Thread support library | ||
<algorithm> | <future> | <numeric> | <strstream> |
<any> | <initializer_list> | <optional> | <system_error> |
<array> | <iomanip> | <ostream> | <thread> |
<atomic> | <ios> | <queue> | <tuple> |
<bitset> | <iosfwd> | <random> | <type_traits> |
<chrono> | <iostream> | <ratio> | <typeindex> |
<codecvt> | <istream> | <regex> | <typeinfo> |
<complex> | <iterator> | <scoped_allocator> | <unordered_map> |
<condition_variable> | <limits> | <set> | <unordered_set> |
<deque> | <list> | <shared_mutex> | <utility> |
<exception> | <locale> | <sstream> | <valarray> |
<execution> | <map> | <stack> | <variant> |
<filesystem> | <memory> | <stdexcept> | <vector> |
<forward_list> | <memory_resource> | <streambuf> | |
<fstream> | <mutex> | <string> | |
<functional> | <new> | <string_view> |
<cassert> | <cinttypes> | <csignal> | <cstdio> | <cwchar> |
<ccomplex> | <ciso646> | <cstdalign> | <cstdlib> | <cwctype> |
<cctype> | <climits> | <cstdarg> | <cstring> | |
<cerrno> | <clocale> | <cstdbool> | <ctgmath> | |
<cfenv> | <cmath> | <cstddef> | <ctime> | |
<cfloat> | <csetjmp> | <cstdint> | <cuchar> |
abort_handler_s | mbstowcs_s | strncat_s | vswscanf_s |
asctime_s | memcpy_s | strncpy_s | vwprintf_s |
bsearch_s | memmove_s | strtok_s | vwscanf_s |
constraint_handler_t | memset_s | swprintf_s | wcrtomb_s |
ctime_s | printf_s | swscanf_s | wcscat_s |
errno_t | qsort_s | tmpfile_s | wcscpy_s |
fopen_s | RSIZE_MAX | TMP_MAX_S | wcsncat_s |
fprintf_s | rsize_t | tmpnam_s | wcsncpy_s |
freopen_s | scanf_s | vfprintf_s | wcsnlen_s |
fscanf_s | set_constraint_handler_s | vfscanf_s | wcsrtombs_s |
fwprintf_s | snprintf_s | vfwprintf_s | wcstok_s |
fwscanf_s | snwprintf_s | vfwscanf_s | wcstombs_s |
getenv_s | sprintf_s | vprintf_s | wctomb_s |
gets_s | sscanf_s | vscanf_s | wmemcpy_s |
gmtime_s | strcat_s | vsnprintf_s | wmemmove_s |
ignore_handler_s | strcpy_s | vsnwprintf_s | wprintf_s |
L_tmpnam_s | strerror_s | vsprintf_s | wscanf_s |
localtime_s | strerrorlen_s | vsscanf_s | |
mbsrtowcs_s | strlen_s | vswprintf_s |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
<ciso646> | ||
Types | <cstddef> | |
Implementation properties | <cfloat> <limits> <climits> | |
Integer types | <cstdint> | |
Start and termination | <cstdlib> | |
Dynamic memory management | <new> | |
Type identification | <typeinfo> | |
Exception handling | <exception> | |
Initializer lists | <initializer_list> | |
Other runtime support | <cstdarg> | |
Type traits | <type_traits> | |
Atomics | <atomic> | |
Deprecated headers | <cstdalign> <cstdbool> | |
Expression | Return type | Requirement |
a < b | convertible to bool | < is a strict weak ordering relation ([alg.sorting]) |
Expression | Post-condition |
T t; | object t is default-initialized |
T u{}; | object u is value-initialized or aggregate-initialized |
T() T{} | an object of type T is value-initialized
or aggregate-initialized |
Expression | Post-condition |
T u = rv; | u is equivalent to the value of rv before the construction |
T(rv) | T(rv) is equivalent to the value of rv before the construction |
Expression | Post-condition |
T u = v; | the value of v is unchanged and is equivalent to u |
T(v) | the value of v is unchanged and is equivalent to T(v) |
Expression | Return type | Return value | Post-condition |
t = rv | T& | t | If t and rv do not refer to the same object,
t is equivalent to the value of rv before the assignment |
rv's state is unspecified. | |||
Expression | Return type | Return value | Post-condition |
t = v | T& | t | t is equivalent to v, the value of v is unchanged |
Expression | Post-condition |
u.~T() | All resources owned by u are reclaimed, no exception is propagated. |
Expression | Return type | Operational semantics |
P u(np); | Postconditions: u == nullptr | |
P u = np; | ||
P(np) | Postconditions: P(np) == nullptr | |
t = np | P& | Postconditions: t == nullptr |
a != b | contextually convertible to bool | !(a == b) |
a == np | contextually convertible to bool | a == P() |
np == a | ||
a != np | contextually convertible to bool | !(a == np) |
np != a |
Expression | Return type | Requirement |
h(k) | size_t | The value returned shall depend only on the argument k for the duration of
the program. |
h(u) | size_t | Shall not modify u. |
Variable | Definition |
T, U, C | any cv-unqualified object type ([basic.types]) |
X | an Allocator class for type T |
Y | the corresponding Allocator class for type U |
XX | the type allocator_traits<X> |
YY | the type allocator_traits<Y> |
a, a1, a2 | lvalues of type X |
u | the name of a variable being declared |
b | a value of type Y |
c | a pointer of type C* through which indirection is valid |
p | a value of type XX::pointer, obtained
by calling a1.allocate, where a1 == a |
q | |
w | a value of type XX::void_pointer obtained by
conversion from a value p |
x | a value of type XX::const_void_pointer obtained by
conversion from a value q or a value w |
y | a value of type XX::const_void_pointer obtained by
conversion from a result value of YY::allocate, or else a value of
type (possibly const) std::nullptr_t. |
n | a value of type XX::size_type. |
Args | a template parameter pack |
args | a function parameter pack with the pattern Args&& |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Default |
pre-/post-condition | |||
X::pointer | T* | ||
X::const_pointer | X::pointer is convertible to X::const_pointer | pointer_traits<X::pointer>::rebind<const T> | |
X::void_pointer Y::void_pointer | pointer_traits<X::pointer>::rebind<void> | ||
X::const_void_pointer Y::const_void_pointer | X::pointer, X::const_pointer, and X::void_pointer are convertible to X::const_void_pointer. | pointer_traits<X::pointer>::rebind<const void> | |
X::value_type | Identical to T | ||
X::size_type | unsigned integer type | a type that can represent the size of the largest object in the allocation model. | make_unsigned_t<X::difference_type> |
X::difference_type | signed integer type | a type that can represent the difference between any two pointers
in the allocation model. | pointer_traits<X::pointer>::difference_type |
typename X::template rebind<U>::other | Y | See Note A, below. | |
*p | T& | ||
*q | const T& | *q refers to the same object as *p | |
p->m | type of T::m | equivalent to (*p).m | |
q->m | type of T::m | equivalent to (*q).m | |
static_cast<X::pointer>(w) | X::pointer | static_cast<X::pointer>(w) == p | |
static_cast<X::const_pointer>(x) | X::const_pointer | static_cast< X::const_pointer>(x) == q | |
pointer_traits<X::pointer>::pointer_to(r) | X::pointer | ||
a.allocate(n) | X::pointer | ||
a.allocate(n, y) | X::pointer | Same as a.allocate(n). The use of y is unspecified, but
it is intended as an aid to locality. | a.allocate(n) |
a.deallocate(p,n) | (not used) | Requires: p shall be a value returned by an earlier call
to allocate that has not been invalidated by
an intervening call to deallocate. | |
a.max_size() | X::size_type | the largest value that can meaningfully be passed to X::allocate() | numeric_limits<size_type>::max() / sizeof(value_type) |
a1 == a2 | bool | returns true only if storage allocated from each can
be deallocated via the other. operator== shall be reflexive, symmetric,
and transitive, and shall not exit via an exception. | |
a1 != a2 | bool | same as !(a1 == a2) | |
a == b | bool | same as a == Y::rebind<T>::other(b) | |
a != b | bool | same as !(a == b) | |
X u(a); X u = a; | Shall not exit via an exception. Postconditions: u == a | ||
X u(b); | Shall not exit via an exception. Postconditions: Y(u) == b, u == X(b) | ||
X u(std::move(a)); X u = std::move(a); | Shall not exit via an exception. | ||
X u(std::move(b)); | Shall not exit via an exception. | ||
a.construct(c, args) | (not used) | Effects: Constructs an object of type C at
c | ::new ((void*)c) C(forward<Args>(args)...) |
a.destroy(c) | (not used) | Effects: Destroys the object at c | c->~C() |
a.select_on_container_copy_construction() | X | Typically returns either a or X() | return a; |
X::propagate_on_container_copy_assignment | Identical to or derived from true_type or false_type | true_type only if an allocator of type X should be copied
when the client container is copy-assigned. See Note B, below. | false_type |
X::propagate_on_container_move_assignment | Identical to or derived from true_type or false_type | true_type only if an allocator of type X should be moved
when the client container is move-assigned. See Note B, below. | false_type |
X::propagate_on_- container_swap | Identical to or derived from true_type or false_type | See Note B, below. | false_type |
X::is_always_equal | Identical to or derived from true_type or false_type | true_type only if the expression a1 == a2 is guaranteed
to be true for any two (possibly const) values
a1, a2 of type X. | is_empty<X>::type |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Common definitions | <cstddef> | |
<cstdlib> | ||
Implementation properties | <limits> | |
<climits> | ||
<cfloat> | ||
Integer types | <cstdint> | |
Start and termination | <cstdlib> | |
Dynamic memory management | <new> | |
Type identification | <typeinfo> | |
Exception handling | <exception> | |
Initializer lists | <initializer_list> | |
Other runtime support | <csignal> | |
<csetjmp> | ||
<cstdarg> | ||
<cstdlib> | ||
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Exception classes | <stdexcept> | |
Assertions | <cassert> | |
Error numbers | <cerrno> | |
System error support | <system_error> | |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Utility components | <utility> | |
Compile-time integer sequences | <utility> | |
Pairs | <utility> | |
Tuples | <tuple> | |
Optional objects | <optional> | |
Variants | <variant> | |
Storage for any type | <any> | |
Fixed-size sequences of bits | <bitset> | |
Memory | <memory> | |
<cstdlib> | ||
Smart pointers | <memory> | |
Memory resources | <memory_resource> | |
Scoped allocators | <scoped_allocator> | |
Function objects | <functional> | |
Type traits | <type_traits> | |
Compile-time rational arithmetic | <ratio> | |
Time utilities | <chrono> | |
<ctime> | ||
Type indexes | <typeindex> | |
Execution policies | <execution> | |
Template | Condition | Comments |
T is void | ||
T is an integral type ([basic.fundamental]) | ||
T is a floating-point type ([basic.fundamental]) | ||
T is an array type ([basic.compound]) of known or unknown extent | ||
T is a pointer type ([basic.compound]) | Includes pointers to functions
but not pointers to non-static members. | |
T is an lvalue reference type ([dcl.ref]) | ||
T is an rvalue reference type ([dcl.ref]) | ||
T is a pointer to non-static data member | ||
T is a pointer to non-static member function | ||
T is an enumeration type ([basic.compound]) | ||
T is a union type ([basic.compound]) | ||
T is a non-union class type ([basic.compound]) | ||
T is a function type ([basic.compound]) |
Template | Condition | Comments |
T is an lvalue reference or an rvalue reference | ||
T is an arithmetic type ([basic.fundamental]) | ||
T is a fundamental type ([basic.fundamental]) | ||
T is an object type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a scalar type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a compound type ([basic.compound]) | ||
T is a pointer to non-static data member
or non-static member function |
Template | Condition | Preconditions |
T is const-qualified ([basic.type.qualifier]) | ||
T is volatile-qualified ([basic.type.qualifier]) | ||
T is a trivial type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a trivially copyable type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a standard-layout type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a POD type ([basic.types]) | ||
T is a class type, but not a union type, with no non-static data
members other than bit-fields of length 0, no virtual member functions,
no virtual base classes, and no base class B for
which is_empty_v<B> is false. | ||
T is a polymorphic class ([class.virtual]) | ||
T is an abstract class ([class.abstract]) | ||
T is an aggregate type ([dcl.init.aggr]) | ||
If is_arithmetic_v<T> is true, the same result as
T(-1) < T(0);
otherwise, false | ||
If is_arithmetic_v<T> is true, the same result as
T(0) < T(-1);
otherwise, false | ||
For a function type T or
for a cv void type T,
is_constructible_v<T, Args...> is false,
otherwise see below | T and all types in the parameter pack Args
shall be complete types, cv void,
or arrays of unknown bound. | |
For a referenceable type T ([defns.referenceable]), the same result as
is_constructible_v<T, const T&>, otherwise false. | ||
The expression declval<T>() = declval<U>() is well-formed
when treated as an unevaluated
operand (Clause [expr]). Only the validity of the immediate context
of the assignment expression is considered. [ Note : ]The compilation of the
expression can result in side effects such as the instantiation of class template
specializations and function template specializations, the generation of
implicitly-defined functions, and so on. Such side effects are not in the “immediate
context” and can result in the program being ill-formed. — end note | ||
The expressions swap(declval<T>(), declval<U>()) and
swap(declval<U>(), declval<T>()) are each well-formed
when treated as an unevaluated operand (Clause [expr])
in an overload-resolution context
for swappable values ([swappable.requirements]). Only the validity of the immediate context
of the swap expressions is considered. [ Note : ]The compilation of the expressions can result in side effects
such as the instantiation of class template specializations and
function template specializations,
the generation of implicitly-defined functions, and so on. Such side effects are not in the “immediate context” and
can result in the program being ill-formed. — end note | ||
is_constructible_v<T, Args...> is true and the variable definition for is_constructible, as defined below, is known to call no operation that is not trivial ([basic.types], [special]). | T and all types in the parameter pack Args shall be complete types,
cv void, or arrays of unknown bound. | |
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_trivially_constructible_v<T, const T&>, otherwise false. | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_trivially_constructible_v<T, T&&>, otherwise false. | ||
is_assignable_v<T, U> is true and the assignment, as defined by
is_assignable, is known to call no operation that is not trivial
([basic.types], [special]). | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_trivially_assignable_v<T&, const T&>, otherwise false. | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_trivially_assignable_v<T&, T&&>, otherwise false. | ||
is_constructible_v<T, Args...> is true
and the
variable definition for is_constructible, as defined below, is known not to
throw any exceptions ([expr.unary.noexcept]). | T and all types in the parameter pack Args
shall be complete types, cv void,
or arrays of unknown bound. | |
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, const T&>, otherwise false. | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, T&&>, otherwise false. | ||
is_assignable_v<T, U> is true and the assignment is known not to
throw any exceptions ([expr.unary.noexcept]). | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_nothrow_assignable_v<T&, const T&>, otherwise false. | ||
For a referenceable type T, the same result as
is_nothrow_assignable_v<T&, T&&>, otherwise false. | ||
is_swappable_with_v<T, U> is true and
each swap expression of the definition of
is_swappable_with<T, U> is known not to throw
any exceptions ([expr.unary.noexcept]). | ||
For a referenceable type T,
the same result as is_nothrow_swappable_with_v<T&, T&>,
otherwise false. | ||
is_destructible_v<T> is true and the indicated destructor is known
not to throw any exceptions ([expr.unary.noexcept]). | ||
T has a virtual destructor ([class.dtor]) | ||
For an array type T, the same result as
has_unique_object_representations_v<remove_all_extents_t<T>>,
otherwise see below. |
Template | Value |
alignof(T). | |
If T names an array type, an integer value representing
the number of dimensions of T; otherwise, 0. | |
If T is not an array type, or if it has rank less
than or equal to I, or if I is 0 and T
has type “array of unknown bound of U”, then
0; otherwise, the bound ([dcl.array]) of the I'th dimension of
T, where indexing of I is zero-based |
Template | Condition | Comments |
template <class T, class U> struct is_same; | T and U name the same type with the same cv-qualifications | |
Base is a base class of Derived (Clause [class.derived])
without regard to cv-qualifiers
or Base and Derived are not unions and
name the same class type
without regard to cv-qualifiers | If Base and
Derived are non-union class types and are
not possibly cv-qualified versions of the same type,
Derived shall be a complete
type. | |
see below | ||
The expression INVOKE(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...)
is well formed when treated as an unevaluated operand | Fn and all types in the parameter pack ArgTypes
shall be complete types, cv void, or
arrays of unknown bound. | |
The expression INVOKE<R>(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...)
is well formed when treated as an unevaluated operand | Fn, R, and all types in the parameter pack ArgTypes
shall be complete types, cv void, or
arrays of unknown bound. | |
is_invocable_v< Fn, ArgTypes...> is true and the expression INVOKE(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...) is known not to throw any exceptions | Fn and all types in the parameter pack ArgTypes
shall be complete types, cv void, or
arrays of unknown bound. | |
is_invocable_r_v< R, Fn, ArgTypes...> is true and the expression INVOKE<R>(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...) is known not to throw any exceptions | Fn, R, and all types in the parameter pack ArgTypes
shall be complete types, cv void, or
arrays of unknown bound. |
Template | Comments |
The member typedef type names
the same type as T
except that any top-level const-qualifier has been removed. | |
The member typedef type names
the same type as T
except that any top-level volatile-qualifier has been removed. | |
The member typedef type shall be the same as T
except that any top-level cv-qualifier has been removed. | |
If T is a reference, function, or top-level const-qualified
type, then type names
the same type as T, otherwise
T const. | |
If T is a reference, function, or top-level volatile-qualified
type, then type names
the same type as T, otherwise
T volatile. | |
Template | Comments |
If T names a referenceable type ([defns.referenceable]) then
the member typedef type names T&;
otherwise, type names T. | |
Template | Comments |
If T names a (possibly cv-qualified) signed integer
type ([basic.fundamental]) then the member typedef
type names the type T; otherwise,
if T names a (possibly cv-qualified) unsigned integer
type then type names the corresponding
signed integer type, with the same cv-qualifiers as T;
otherwise, type names the signed integer type with smallest
rank ([conv.rank]) for which
sizeof(T) == sizeof(type), with the same
cv-qualifiers as T. | |
If T names a (possibly cv-qualified) unsigned integer
type ([basic.fundamental]) then the member typedef
type names the type T; otherwise,
if T names a (possibly cv-qualified) signed integer
type then type names the corresponding
unsigned integer type, with the same cv-qualifiers as T;
otherwise, type names the unsigned integer type with smallest
rank ([conv.rank]) for which
sizeof(T) == sizeof(type), with the same
cv-qualifiers as T. |
Template | Comments |
If T has type “(possibly cv-qualified) pointer
to T1” then the member typedef type
names T1; otherwise, it names T. | |
If T names a referenceable type ([defns.referenceable]) or a
cv void type then
the member typedef type names the same type as
remove_reference_t<T>*;
otherwise, type names T. |
Template | Comments |
The value of default-alignment shall be the most
stringent alignment requirement for any C++ object type whose size
is no greater than Len ([basic.types]). The member typedef type shall be a POD type
suitable for use as uninitialized storage for any object whose size
is at most Len and whose alignment is a divisor of Align. | |
The member typedef type shall be a POD type suitable for use as
uninitialized storage for any object whose type is listed in Types;
its size shall be at least Len. The static member alignment_value
shall be an integral constant of type size_t whose value is the
strictest alignment of all types listed in Types. | |
| [ Note : ]This behavior is similar to the lvalue-to-rvalue ([conv.lval]),
array-to-pointer ([conv.array]), and function-to-pointer ([conv.func])
conversions applied when an lvalue expression is used as an rvalue, but also
strips cv-qualifiers from class types in order to more closely model by-value
argument passing. — end note | |
template <bool B, class T,
class F> struct conditional; | |
template <class... T> struct common_type; | Unless this trait is specialized (as specified in Note B, below),
the member type shall be defined or omitted as specified in Note A, below. If it is omitted, there shall be no member type. |
template <class Fn, class... ArgTypes> struct invoke_result; | If the expression INVOKE(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...)
is well formed when treated as an unevaluated operand (Clause [expr]),
the member typedef type names the type
decltype(INVOKE(declval<Fn>(), declval<ArgTypes>()...));
otherwise, there shall be no member type. Only the validity of the immediate context of the
expression is considered. [ Note : ]The compilation of the expression can result in side effects such as
the instantiation of class template specializations and function
template specializations, the generation of implicitly-defined
functions, and so on. Such side effects are not in the “immediate
context” and can result in the program being ill-formed. — end noteRequires: Fn and all types in the parameter pack ArgTypes shall be complete types, cv void, or arrays of unknown bound. |
Type | Value of X | Value of Y |
ratio_add<R1, R2> | R1::num * R2::den + | R1::den * R2::den |
R2::num * R1::den | ||
ratio_subtract<R1, R2> | R1::num * R2::den - | R1::den * R2::den |
R2::num * R1::den | ||
ratio_multiply<R1, R2> | R1::num * R2::num | R1::den * R2::den |
ratio_divide<R1, R2> | R1::num * R2::den | R1::den * R2::num |
Expression | Return type | Operational semantics |
C1::rep | An arithmetic type or a class emulating an arithmetic type | The representation type of C1::duration. |
C1::period | a specialization of ratio | The tick period of the clock in seconds. |
C1::duration | chrono::duration<C1::rep, C1::period> | The duration type of the clock. |
C1::time_point | chrono::time_point<C1> or chrono::time_point<C2, C1::duration> | The time_point type of the clock. |
C1::is_steady | const bool | |
C1::now() | C1::time_point | Returns a time_point object representing the current point in time. |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Character traits | <string> | |
String classes | <string> | |
String view classes | <string_view> | |
<cctype> | ||
<cwctype> | ||
Null-terminated sequence utilities | <cstring> | |
<cwchar> | ||
<cstdlib> | ||
<cuchar> | ||
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Complexity |
pre-/post-condition | |||
X::char_type | charT | (described in [char.traits.typedefs]) | compile-time |
X::int_type | (described in [char.traits.typedefs]) | compile-time | |
X::off_type | (described in [char.traits.typedefs]) | compile-time | |
X::pos_type | (described in [char.traits.typedefs]) | compile-time | |
X::state_type | (described in [char.traits.typedefs]) | compile-time | |
X::eq(c,d) | bool | constant | |
X::lt(c,d) | bool | constant | |
X::compare(p,q,n) | int | Returns: 0 if for each i in [0,n), X::eq(p[i],q[i])
is true; else, a negative value if, for some j in [0,n),
X::lt(p[j],q[j]) is true and for each i in [0,j)
X::eq(p[i],q[i]) is true; else a positive value. | linear |
X::length(p) | size_t | linear | |
X::find(p,n,c) | const X::char_type* | linear | |
X::move(s,p,n) | X::char_type* | linear | |
X::copy(s,p,n) | X::char_type* | linear | |
X::assign(r,d) | (not used) | assigns r=d. | constant |
X::assign(s,n,c) | X::char_type* | linear | |
X::not_eof(e) | int_type | Returns: e if X::eq_int_type(e,X::eof()) is false,
otherwise a value f such that
X::eq_int_type(f,X::eof()) is false. | constant |
X::to_char_type(e) | X::char_type | Returns: if for some c, X::eq_int_type(e,X::to_int_type(c))
is true, c; else some unspecified value. | constant |
X::to_int_type(c) | X::int_type | constant | |
X::eq_int_type(e,f) | bool | Returns: for all c and d, X::eq(c,d) is equal to
X::eq_int_type(X::to_int_type(c), X::to_int_type(d)); otherwise, yields true
if e and f are both copies of X::eof(); otherwise, yields false if
one of e and f is a copy of X::eof() and the other is not; otherwise
the value is unspecified. | constant |
X::eof() | X::int_type | constant |
Element | Value |
data() | a non-null pointer that is copyable and can have 0 added to it |
size() | 0 |
capacity() | an unspecified value |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of the array
whose first element is pointed at by str.data() |
size() | str.size() |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of rlen consecutive elements
of the string controlled by str beginning at position pos |
size() | rlen |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first element
is pointed at by s |
size() | n |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first element
is pointed at by s |
size() | traits::length(s) |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated array of n elements, each
storing the initial value c |
size() | n |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first
element is pointed at by the original value of str.data(). |
size() | the original value of str.size() |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
get_allocator() | alloc |
Element | Value |
data() | points at the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first
element is pointed at by str.data() |
size() | str.size() |
capacity() | a value at least as large as size() |
Condition | Return Value |
size() < sv.size() | < 0 |
size() == sv.size() | 0 |
size() > sv.size() | > 0 |
Element | Value |
data_ | str |
size_ | traits::length(str) |
Condition | Return Value |
size() < str.size() | < 0 |
size() == str.size() | 0 |
size() > str.size() | > 0 |
Expression | Equivalent to |
t == sv | S(t) == sv |
sv == t | sv == S(t) |
t != sv | S(t) != sv |
sv != t | sv != S(t) |
t < sv | S(t) < sv |
sv < t | sv < S(t) |
t > sv | S(t) > sv |
sv > t | sv > S(t) |
t <= sv | S(t) <= sv |
sv <= t | sv <= S(t) |
t >= sv | S(t) >= sv |
sv >= t | sv >= S(t) |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Locales | <locale> | |
Standard locale Categories | ||
C library locales | <clocale> | |
Category | Includes facets |
collate | collate<char>, collate<wchar_t> |
ctype | ctype<char>, ctype<wchar_t> |
codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
monetary | moneypunct<char>, moneypunct<wchar_t> |
moneypunct<char, true>, moneypunct<wchar_t, true> | |
money_get<char>, money_get<wchar_t> | |
money_put<char>, money_put<wchar_t> | |
numeric | numpunct<char>, numpunct<wchar_t> |
num_get<char>, num_get<wchar_t> | |
num_put<char>, num_put<wchar_t> | |
time | time_get<char>, time_get<wchar_t> |
time_put<char>, time_put<wchar_t> | |
messages | messages<char>, messages<wchar_t> |
Category | Includes facets |
collate | collate_byname<char>, collate_byname<wchar_t> |
ctype | ctype_byname<char>, ctype_byname<wchar_t> |
codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> | |
monetary | moneypunct_byname<char, International> |
moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, International> | |
money_get<C, InputIterator> | |
money_put<C, OutputIterator> | |
numeric | numpunct_byname<char>, numpunct_byname<wchar_t> |
num_get<C, InputIterator>, num_put<C, OutputIterator> | |
time | time_get<char, InputIterator> |
time_get_byname<char, InputIterator> | |
time_get<wchar_t, InputIterator> | |
time_get_byname<wchar_t, InputIterator> | |
time_put<char, OutputIterator> | |
time_put_byname<char, OutputIterator> | |
time_put<wchar_t, OutputIterator> | |
time_put_byname<wchar_t, OutputIterator> | |
messages | messages_byname<char>, messages_byname<wchar_t> |
Value | Meaning |
ok | completed the conversion |
partial | not all source characters converted |
error | encountered a character in [from, from_end)
that it could not convert |
noconv | internT and externT are the same type, and input
sequence is identical to converted sequence |
Value | Meaning |
ok | completed the sequence |
partial | space for more than to_end - to destination elements was needed
to terminate a sequence given the value of state |
error | an unspecified error has occurred |
noconv | no termination is needed for this state_type |
State | stdio equivalent |
basefield == oct | %o |
basefield == hex | %X |
basefield == 0 | %i |
signed integral type | %d |
unsigned integral type | %u |
Type | Length modifier |
short | h |
unsigned short | h |
long | l |
unsigned long | l |
long long | ll |
unsigned long long | ll |
double | l |
long double | L |
State | stdio equivalent |
basefield == ios_base::oct | %o |
(basefield == ios_base::hex) && !uppercase | %x |
(basefield == ios_base::hex) | %X |
for a signed integral type | %d |
for an unsigned integral type | %u |
State | stdio equivalent |
floatfield == ios_base::fixed | %f |
floatfield == ios_base::scientific && !uppercase | %e |
floatfield == ios_base::scientific | %E |
floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific) && !uppercase | %a |
floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific) | %A |
!uppercase | %g |
otherwise | %G |
Type | Length modifier |
long | l |
long long | ll |
unsigned long | l |
unsigned long long | ll |
long double | L |
otherwise | none |
Type(s) | State | stdio equivalent |
an integral type | showpos | + |
showbase | # | |
a floating-point type | showpos | + |
showpoint | # |
State | Location |
adjustfield == ios_base::left | pad after |
adjustfield == ios_base::right | pad before |
adjustfield == internal and a sign occurs in the representation | pad after the sign |
adjustfield == internal and representation after stage 1
began with 0x or 0X | pad after x or X |
otherwise | pad before |
date_order() | Format |
no_order | "%m%d%y" |
dmy | "%d%m%y" |
mdy | "%m%d%y" |
ymd | "%y%m%d" |
ydm | "%y%d%m" |
fprintf | isprint | iswdigit | localeconv | tolower |
fscanf | ispunct | iswgraph | mblen | toupper |
isalnum | isspace | iswlower | mbstowcs | towlower |
isalpha | isupper | iswprint | mbtowc | towupper |
isblank | iswalnum | iswpunct | setlocale | wcscoll |
iscntrl | iswalpha | iswspace | strcoll | wcstod |
isdigit | iswblank | iswupper | strerror | wcstombs |
isgraph | iswcntrl | iswxdigit | strtod | wcsxfrm |
islower | iswctype | isxdigit | strxfrm | wctomb |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Requirements | ||
Sequence containers | <array> | |
<deque> | ||
<forward_list> | ||
<list> | ||
<vector> | ||
Associative containers | <map> | |
<set> | ||
Unordered associative containers | <unordered_map> | |
<unordered_set> | ||
Container adaptors | <queue> | |
<stack> | ||
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note | Complexity |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | |||
X::value_type | T | compile time | ||
X::reference | T& | compile time | ||
X::const_reference | const T& | compile time | ||
X::iterator | iterator type whose value type is T | any iterator category
that meets the forward iterator requirements. convertible to X::const_iterator. | compile time | |
X::const_iterator | constant iterator type whose value type is T | any iterator category
that meets the forward iterator requirements. | compile time | |
X::difference_type | signed integer type | is identical to the difference type of X::iterator and X::const_iterator | compile time | |
X::size_type | unsigned integer type | size_type can represent any non-negative value of difference_type | compile time | |
X u; | Postconditions: u.empty() | constant | ||
X() | Postconditions: X().empty() | constant | ||
X(a) | linear | |||
X u(a); X u = a; | Postconditions: u == a | linear | ||
X u(rv); X u = rv; | Postconditions: u shall be equal to the value that rv had before this construction | (Note B) | ||
a = rv | X& | All existing elements of a are either move assigned to or destroyed | a shall be equal to the value that rv
had before this assignment | linear |
(&a)->~X() | void | the destructor is applied to every element of a; any memory obtained is deallocated. | linear | |
a.begin() | iterator; const_iterator for constant a | constant | ||
a.end() | iterator; const_iterator for constant a | constant | ||
a.cbegin() | const_iterator | const_cast<X const&>(a).begin(); | constant | |
a.cend() | const_iterator | const_cast<X const&>(a).end(); | constant | |
a == b | convertible to bool | == is an equivalence relation. equal(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), b.end()) | Requires: T is EqualityComparable | Constant if a.size() != b.size(),
linear otherwise |
a != b | convertible to bool | Equivalent to !(a == b) | linear | |
a.swap(b) | void | exchanges the contents of a and b | (Note A) | |
swap(a, b) | void | a.swap(b) | (Note A) | |
r = a | X& | linear | ||
a.size() | size_type | distance(a.begin(), a.end()) | constant | |
a.max_size() | size_type | distance(begin(), end())
for the largest possible container | constant | |
a.empty() | convertible to bool | a.begin() == a.end() | constant |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Complexity |
pre-/post-condition | |||
X::reverse_iterator | iterator type whose value type is T | reverse_iterator<iterator> | compile time |
X::const_reverse_iterator | constant iterator type whose value type is T | reverse_iterator<const_iterator> | compile time |
a.rbegin() | reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a | reverse_iterator(end()) | constant |
a.rend() | reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a | reverse_iterator(begin()) | constant |
a.crbegin() | const_reverse_iterator | const_cast<X const&>(a).rbegin() | constant |
a.crend() | const_reverse_iterator | const_cast<X const&>(a).rend() | constant |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note | Complexity |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | |||
a < b | convertible to bool | lexicographical_compare( a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), b.end()) | < is a total ordering relationship. | linear |
a > b | convertible to bool | b < a | linear | |
a <= b | convertible to bool | !(a > b) | linear | |
a >= b | convertible to bool | !(a < b) | linear |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Complexity |
pre-/post-condition | |||
allocator_type | A | compile time | |
get_- allocator() | A | constant | |
X() X u; | Postconditions: u.empty() returns true, u.get_allocator() == A() | constant | |
X(m) | Postconditions: u.empty() returns true, | constant | |
X u(m); | u.get_allocator() == m | ||
X(t, m) X u(t, m); | Postconditions: u == t, u.get_allocator() == m | linear | |
X(rv) X u(rv); | Postconditions: u shall have the same elements as rv had before this
construction; the value of u.get_allocator() shall be the same as the
value of rv.get_allocator() before this construction. | constant | |
X(rv, m) X u(rv, m); | Postconditions: u shall have the same elements, or copies of the elements, that rv had before this construction, u.get_allocator() == m | constant if m == rv.get_allocator(), otherwise linear | |
a = t | X& | Postconditions: a == t | linear |
a = rv | X& | Requires: If allocator_- traits<allocator_type> ::propagate_on_container_- move_assignment::value is false, T is MoveInsertable into X and MoveAssignable. All existing elements of a
are either move assigned to or destroyed. | linear |
a.swap(b) | void | exchanges the contents of a and b | constant |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note |
pre-/post-condition | ||
X(n, t) X u(n, t); | Postconditions: distance(begin(), end()) == n Constructs a sequence container with n copies of t | |
X(i, j) X u(i, j); | For vector, if the iterator does
not meet the forward iterator requirements ([forward.iterators]), T
shall also be
MoveInsertable into X. Each iterator in the range [i, j) shall be dereferenced exactly once. Postconditions: distance(begin(), end()) == distance(i, j) Constructs a sequence container equal to the range [i, j) | |
X(il) | Equivalent to X(il.begin(), il.end()) | |
a = il | X& | All existing
elements of a are either assigned to or destroyed. |
a.emplace(p, args) | iterator | |
a.insert(p,t) | iterator | |
a.insert(p,rv) | iterator | |
a.insert(p,n,t) | iterator | |
a.insert(p,i,j) | iterator | For vector and deque, T shall also be
MoveInsertable into X, MoveConstructible, MoveAssignable,
and swappable ([swappable.requirements]). Each iterator in the range [i, j) shall be dereferenced exactly once. Inserts copies of elements in [i, j) before p |
a.insert(p, il) | iterator | a.insert(p, il.begin(), il.end()). |
a.erase(q) | iterator | |
a.erase(q1,q2) | iterator | |
a.clear() | void | Destroys all elements in a. Invalidates all references, pointers, and
iterators referring to the elements of a and may invalidate the past-the-end iterator. |
a.assign(i,j) | void | For vector, if the iterator does not
meet the forward iterator requirements ([forward.iterators]), T
shall also be
MoveInsertable into X. |
a.assign(il) | void | a.assign(il.begin(), il.end()). |
a.assign(n,t) | void |
Expression | Return type | Operational semantics | Container |
a.front() | reference; const_reference for constant a | *a.begin() | basic_string,
array,
deque,
forward_list,
list,
vector |
a.back() | reference; const_reference for constant a | { auto tmp = a.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; } | basic_string,
array,
deque,
list,
vector |
a.emplace_front(args) | reference | deque,
forward_list,
list | |
a.emplace_back(args) | reference | deque,
list,
vector | |
a.push_front(t) | void | Prepends a copy of t. | deque,
forward_list,
list |
a.push_front(rv) | void | Prepends a copy of rv. | deque,
forward_list,
list |
a.push_back(t) | void | Appends a copy of t. | basic_string,
deque,
list,
vector |
a.push_back(rv) | void | Appends a copy of rv. | basic_string,
deque,
list,
vector |
a.pop_front() | void | Destroys the first element. | deque,
forward_list,
list |
a.pop_back() | void | Destroys the last element. | basic_string,
deque,
list,
vector |
a[n] | reference; const_reference for constant a | *(a.begin() + n) | basic_string,
array,
deque,
vector |
a.at(n) | reference; const_reference for constant a | *(a.begin() + n) | basic_string,
array,
deque,
vector |
map<K, T, C1, A> | map<K, T, C2, A> |
map<K, T, C1, A> | multimap<K, T, C2, A> |
set<K, C1, A> | set<K, C2, A> |
set<K, C1, A> | multiset<K, C2, A> |
unordered_map<K, T, H1, E1, A> | unordered_map<K, T, H2, E2, A> |
unordered_map<K, T, H1, E1, A> | unordered_multimap<K, T, H2, E2, A> |
unordered_set<K, H1, E1, A> | unordered_set<K, H2, E2, A> |
unordered_set<K, H1, E1, A> | unordered_multiset<K, H2, E2, A> |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Complexity |
pre-/post-condition | |||
X::key_type | Key | compile time | |
X::mapped_type (map and multimap only) | T | compile time | |
X::value_type (set and multiset only) | Key | Requires: value_type is Erasable from X | compile time |
X::value_type (map and multimap only) | pair<const Key, T> | Requires: value_type is Erasable from X | compile time |
X::key_compare | Compare | compile time | |
X::value_compare | a binary predicate type | is the same as key_compare for set and
multiset; is an ordering relation on pairs induced by the
first component (i.e., Key) for map and multimap. | compile time |
X::node_type | a specialization of a node_handle
class template, such that the public nested types are
the same types as the corresponding types in X. | see [container.node] | compile time |
X(c) X u(c); | Effects: Constructs an empty container. Uses a copy of c as a comparison object. | constant | |
X() X u; | Uses Compare() as a comparison object | constant | |
X(i,j,c) X u(i,j,c); | Effects: Constructs an empty container and inserts elements from the range [i, j) into it; uses c as a comparison object. | in general, where N has the value distance(i, j);
linear if [i, j) is sorted with value_comp() | |
X(i,j) X u(i,j); | same as above | ||
X(il) | same as X(il.begin(), il.end()) | same as X(il.begin(), il.end()) | |
X(il,c) | same as X(il.begin(), il.end(), c) | same as X(il.begin(), il.end(), c) | |
a = il | X& | All
existing elements of a are either assigned to or destroyed. | in general, where N has the value il.size() + a.size();
linear if [il.begin(), il.end()) is sorted with value_comp() |
b.key_comp() | X::key_compare | returns the comparison object out of which b was constructed. | constant |
b.value_comp() | X::value_compare | returns an object of value_compare constructed out of the comparison object | constant |
a_uniq.emplace(args) | pair<iterator, bool> | Effects: Inserts a value_type object t constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... if and only if there is no element in the container with key equivalent to the key of t. The bool component of the returned
pair is true if and only if the insertion takes place, and the iterator
component of the pair points to the element with key equivalent to the
key of t. | logarithmic |
a_eq.emplace(args) | iterator | Effects: Inserts a value_type object t constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... and returns the iterator pointing to the newly inserted element. If a range containing elements equivalent to t exists in a_eq,
t is inserted at the end of that range. | logarithmic |
a.emplace_hint(p, args) | iterator | Return value is an iterator pointing to the element with the key equivalent
to the newly inserted element. The element is inserted as close as possible to the position just prior
to p. | logarithmic in general, but amortized constant if the element
is inserted right before p |
a_uniq.insert(t) | pair<iterator, bool> | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. Effects: Inserts t if and only if there is no element in the container with key equivalent to the key of t. The bool component of
the returned pair is true if and only if the insertion
takes place, and the iterator
component of the pair points to the element with key
equivalent to the key of t. | logarithmic |
a_eq.insert(t) | iterator | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. If a range containing elements equivalent to
t exists in a_eq, t
is inserted at the end of that range. | logarithmic |
a.insert(p, t) | iterator | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. Effects: Inserts t if and only if there is no element with key equivalent to the key of t in containers with unique keys; always inserts t in containers with equivalent keys. Always
returns the iterator pointing to the element with key equivalent to
the key of t. | |
a.insert(i, j) | void | inserts each element from the range [i, j) if and only if there
is no element with key equivalent to the key of that element in containers
with unique keys; always inserts that element in containers with equivalent keys. | , where N has the value distance(i, j) |
a.insert(il) | void | equivalent to a.insert(il.begin(), il.end()) | |
a_uniq.insert(nh) | insert_return_type | Otherwise, inserts the
element owned by nh if and only if there is no element in the
container with a key equivalent to nh.key(). Otherwise if the insertion took place, inserted is true,
position points to the inserted element, and node is empty;
if the insertion failed, inserted is false,
node has the previous value of nh, and position
points to an element with a key equivalent to nh.key(). | logarithmic |
a_eq.insert(nh) | iterator | Otherwise, inserts the element owned by nh and returns an iterator
pointing to the newly inserted element. If a range containing elements with
keys equivalent to nh.key() exists in a_eq, the element is
inserted at the end of that range. | logarithmic |
a.insert(p, nh) | iterator | Otherwise, inserts the element owned by nh if and only if there
is no element with key equivalent to nh.key() in containers with
unique keys; always inserts the element owned by nh in containers
with equivalent keys. Always returns the iterator pointing to the element
with key equivalent to nh.key(). The element is inserted as close
as possible to the position just prior to p. | logarithmic in general, but amortized constant if the element is inserted right
before p. |
a.extract(k) | node_type | removes the first element in the container with key equivalent to k. | log(a.size()) |
a.extract(q) | node_type | removes the element pointed to by q. Returns a node_type owning that element. | amortized constant |
a.merge(a2) | void | In containers with unique keys,
if there is an element in a with key equivalent to the key of an
element from a2, then that element is not extracted from a2. Postconditions: Pointers and references to the transferred elements of a2 refer to those same elements but as members of a. Iterators referring
to the transferred elements will continue to refer to their elements, but
they now behave as iterators into a, not into a2. | |
a.erase(k) | size_type | erases all elements in the container with key equivalent to
k. returns the number of erased elements. | |
a.erase(q) | iterator | erases the element pointed to by q. Returns an iterator pointing to
the element immediately following q prior to the element being erased. If no such element exists, returns a.end(). | amortized constant |
a.erase(r) | iterator | erases the element pointed to by r. Returns an iterator pointing to
the element immediately following r prior to the element being erased. If no such element exists, returns a.end(). | amortized constant |
a.erase( q1, q2) | iterator | erases all the elements in the range [q1, q2). Returns an iterator pointing to
the element pointed to by q2 prior to any elements being erased. If no such element
exists, a.end() is returned. | |
a.clear() | void | linear in a.size(). | |
b.find(k) | returns an iterator pointing to an element with the key equivalent
to k, or b.end() if such an element is not found | logarithmic | |
a_tran. find(ke) | returns an iterator pointing to an element with key r such that
!c(r, ke) && !c(ke, r), or a_tran.end() if such an element
is not found | logarithmic | |
b.count(k) | size_type | returns the number of elements with key equivalent to k | |
a_tran. count(ke) | size_type | returns the number of elements with key r such that
!c(r, ke) && !c(ke, r) | |
b.lower_bound(k) | returns an iterator pointing to the first element with
key not less than k,
or b.end() if such an element is not found. | logarithmic | |
a_tran. lower_bound(kl) | returns an iterator pointing to the first element with
key r such that !c(r, kl),
or a_tran.end() if such an element is not found. | logarithmic | |
b.upper_bound(k) | returns an iterator pointing to the first element with
key greater than k,
or b.end() if such an element is not found. | logarithmic | |
a_tran. upper_bound(ku) | returns an iterator pointing to the first element with
key r such that c(ku, r),
or a_tran.end() if such an element is not found. | logarithmic | |
b.equal_range(k) | equivalent to make_pair(b.lower_bound(k), b.upper_bound(k)). | logarithmic | |
a_tran. equal_range(ke) | logarithmic |
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note | Complexity |
pre-/post-condition | |||
X::key_type | compile time | ||
X::mapped_type (unordered_map and unordered_multimap only) | T | compile time | |
X::value_type (unordered_set and unordered_multiset only) | Key | Requires: value_type is Erasable from X | compile time |
X::value_type (unordered_map and unordered_multimap only) | pair<const Key, T> | Requires: value_type is Erasable from X | compile time |
X::hasher | Hash | compile time | |
X::key_equal | Pred | Pred is an equivalence relation. | compile time |
X::local_iterator | An iterator type whose category, value type,
difference type, and pointer and reference types are the same as
X::iterator's. | A local_iterator object may be used to iterate through a
single bucket, but may not be used to iterate across
buckets. | compile time |
X::const_local_iterator | An iterator type whose category, value type,
difference type, and pointer and reference types are the same as
X::const_iterator's. | A const_local_iterator object may be used to iterate through a
single bucket, but may not be used to iterate across
buckets. | compile time |
X::node_type | a specialization of a node_handle
class template, such that the public nested types are
the same types as the corresponding types in X. | see [container.node] | compile time |
X(n, hf, eq) X a(n, hf, eq); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets,
using hf as the hash function and eq as the key
equality predicate. | |
X(n, hf) X a(n, hf); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets, using hf as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate. | |
X(n) X a(n); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets, using hasher() as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate. | |
X() X a; | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with an unspecified number of buckets, using hasher() as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate. | constant |
X(i, j, n, hf, eq) X a(i, j, n, hf, eq); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets, using hf as the hash function and eq as the key equality predicate, and inserts elements from [i, j) into it. | Average case (N is distance(i, j)), worst case
|
X(i, j, n, hf) X a(i, j, n, hf); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets, using hf as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate, and inserts elements from [i, j) into it. | Average case (N is distance(i, j)), worst case
|
X(i, j, n) X a(i, j, n); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with at least n buckets, using hasher() as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate, and inserts elements from [i, j) into it. | Average case (N is distance(i, j)), worst case
|
X(i, j) X a(i, j); | X | Effects: Constructs an empty container with an unspecified number of buckets, using hasher() as the hash function and key_equal() as the key equality predicate, and inserts elements from [i, j) into it. | Average case (N is distance(i, j)), worst case
|
X(il) | X | Same as X(il.begin(), il.end()). | |
X(il, n) | X | Same as X(il.begin(), il.end(), n). | |
X(il, n, hf) | X | Same as X(il.begin(), il.end(), n, hf). | |
X(il, n, hf, eq) | X | Same as X(il.begin(), il.end(), n, hf, eq). | |
X(b) X a(b); | X | Copy constructor. | Average case linear in b.size(), worst case quadratic. |
a = b | X& | Copy assignment operator. | Average case linear in b.size(), worst case quadratic. |
a = il | X& | All
existing elements of a are either assigned to or destroyed. | Same as a = X(il). |
b.hash_function() | hasher | Returns b's hash function. | constant |
b.key_eq() | key_equal | Returns b's key equality predicate. | constant |
a_uniq. emplace(args) | pair<iterator, bool> | Effects: Inserts a value_type object t constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... if and only if there is no element in the container with key equivalent to the key of t. The bool component of the returned
pair is true if and only if the insertion takes place, and the iterator
component of the pair points to the element with key equivalent to the
key of t. | |
a_eq.emplace(args) | iterator | Effects: Inserts a value_type object t constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... and returns the iterator pointing to the newly inserted element. | |
a.emplace_hint(p, args) | iterator | Return value is an iterator pointing to the element with the key equivalent
to the newly inserted element. Implementations are
permitted to ignore the hint. | |
a_uniq.insert(t) | pair<iterator, bool> | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. Effects: Inserts t if and only if there is no element in the container with key equivalent to the key of t. The bool
component of the returned pair indicates whether the insertion
takes place, and the iterator component points to the element
with key equivalent to the key of t. | |
a_eq.insert(t) | iterator | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. | |
a.insert(p, t) | iterator | Requires: If t is a non-const rvalue expression, value_type shall be
MoveInsertable into X; otherwise, value_type shall be
CopyInsertable into X. insert(t). Return value is an iterator pointing
to the element with the key equivalent to that of t. The
iterator p is a hint pointing to where the search should
start. Implementations are permitted to ignore the hint. | |
a.insert(i, j) | void | Worst case . | |
a.insert(il) | void | Same as a.insert(il.begin(), il.end()). | |
a_uniq. insert(nh) | insert_return_type | Otherwise, inserts the
element owned by nh if and only if there is no element in the
container with a key equivalent to nh.key(). Otherwise if the insertion took place, inserted is true,
position points to the inserted element, and node is empty;
if the insertion failed, inserted is false,
node has the previous value of nh, and position
points to an element with a key equivalent to nh.key(). | |
a_eq. insert(nh) | iterator | Otherwise, inserts the element owned by nh and returns an iterator
pointing to the newly inserted element. | |
a.insert(q, nh) | iterator | Otherwise, inserts the element owned by nh if and only if there
is no element with key equivalent to nh.key() in containers with
unique keys; always inserts the element owned by nh in containers
with equivalent keys. Always returns the iterator pointing to the element
with key equivalent to nh.key(). The iterator q is a hint
pointing to where the search should start. Implementations are permitted
to ignore the hint. | |
a.extract(k) | node_type | Removes an element in the container with key equivalent to k. | |
a.extract(q) | node_type | Removes the element pointed to by q. Returns a node_type owning that element. | |
a.merge(a2) | void | Attempts to extract each element in a2 and insert it into a using the hash function and key equality predicate of a. In containers with unique keys, if there is an element in a with
key equivalent to the key of an element from a2, then that
element is not extracted from a2.
Postconditions: Pointers and references to the transferred elements of a2
refer to those same elements but as members of a. Iterators referring
to the transferred elements and all iterators referring to a will
be invalidated, but iterators to elements remaining in a2 will
remain valid. | Worst case . |
a.erase(k) | size_type | Erases all elements with key equivalent to k. Returns
the number of elements erased. | Average case . Worst case
. |
a.erase(q) | iterator | Erases the element pointed to by q. Returns the
iterator immediately following q prior to the erasure. | |
a.erase(r) | iterator | Erases the element pointed to by r. Returns the
iterator immediately following r prior to the erasure. | |
a.erase(q1, q2) | iterator | Erases all elements in the range [q1, q2). Returns
the iterator immediately following the erased elements prior to the
erasure. | |
a.clear() | void | Erases all elements in the container. | Linear in a.size(). |
b.find(k) | Returns an iterator pointing to an element with key equivalent to
k, or b.end() if no such element exists. | ||
b.count(k) | size_type | Returns the number of elements with key equivalent to k. | |
b.equal_range(k) | Returns a range containing all elements with keys equivalent to
k. Returns make_pair(b.end(), b.end()) if
no such elements exist. | Average case . Worst case
. | |
b.bucket_count() | size_type | Returns the number of buckets that b contains. | Constant |
b.max_bucket_count() | size_type | Returns an upper bound on the number of buckets that b might
ever contain. | Constant |
b.bucket(k) | size_type | Returns the index of the bucket in which elements with keys equivalent to k would be found, if any such element existed. | Constant |
b.bucket_size(n) | size_type | Returns the number of elements in the bucket. | |
b.begin(n) | b.begin(n) returns an iterator referring to the
first element in the bucket. If the bucket is empty, then
b.begin(n) == b.end(n). | Constant | |
b.end(n) | b.end(n) returns an iterator which is the past-the-end
value for the bucket. | Constant | |
b.cbegin(n) | const_local_iterator | Constant | |
b.cend(n) | const_local_iterator | Constant | |
b.load_factor() | float | Returns the average number of elements per bucket. | Constant |
b.max_load_factor() | float | Returns a positive number that the container attempts to keep the load factor
less than or equal to. The container automatically increases the
number of buckets as necessary to keep the load factor below this
number. | Constant |
a.max_load_factor(z) | void | May change the container's maximum load factor, using z as a hint. | Constant |
a.rehash(n) | void | Average case linear in a.size(), worst case quadratic. | |
a.reserve(n) | void | Average case linear in a.size(), worst case quadratic. |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Requirements | ||
Iterator primitives | <iterator> | |
Predefined iterators | ||
Stream iterators | ||
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
*r | unspecified | ||
++r | X& |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
a != b | contextually convertible to bool | !(a == b) | |
*a | reference, convertible to T | ||
a->m | (*a).m | ||
++r | X& | Postconditions: r is dereferenceable or r is past-the-end; any copies of the previous value of r are no longer required either to be dereferenceable or to be in the domain of ==. | |
(void)r++ | equivalent to (void)++r | ||
*r++ | convertible to T | { T tmp = *r; ++r; return tmp; } |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
*r = o | result is not used | ||
++r | X& | &r == &++r. | |
r++ | convertible to const X& | { X tmp = r; ++r; return tmp; } | |
*r++ = o | result is not used |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
r++ | convertible to const X& | { X tmp = r; ++r; return tmp; } | |
*r++ | reference |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
--r | X& | ||
r-- | convertible to const X& | { X tmp = r; --r; return tmp; } | |
*r-- | reference |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
r += n | X& | { difference_type m = n; if (m >= 0) while (m--) ++r; else while (m++) --r; return r; } | |
a + n n + a | X | { X tmp = a; return tmp += n; } | a + n == n + a. |
r -= n | X& | return r += -n; | |
a - n | X | { X tmp = a; return tmp -= n; } | |
b - a | difference_type | return n | |
a[n] | convertible to reference | *(a + n) | |
a < b | contextually
convertible to bool | b - a > 0 | < is a total ordering relation |
a > b | contextually
convertible to bool | b < a | |
a >= b | contextually
convertible to bool | !(a < b) | |
a <= b | contextually
convertible to bool. | !(a > b) |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Non-modifying sequence operations | ||
Mutating sequence operations | <algorithm> | |
Sorting and related operations | ||
C library algorithms | <cstdlib> | |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Definitions | ||
Requirements | ||
Floating-point environment | <cfenv> | |
Complex numbers | <complex> | |
Random number generation | <random> | |
Numeric arrays | <valarray> | |
Generalized numeric operations | <numeric> | |
Mathematical functions for | <cmath> | |
floating-point types | <cstdlib> | |
Expression | Return type | Pre/post-condition | Complexity |
T | compile-time | ||
Creates a seed sequence
with the same initial state as all other default-constructed seed sequences
of type S. | constant | ||
Creates a seed sequence
having internal state
that depends on some or all of the bits
of the supplied sequence . | |||
Same as S(il.begin(), il.end()). | same as S(il.begin(), il.end()) | ||
void | Does nothing if rb == re. Otherwise,
fills the supplied sequence
with 32-bit quantities
that depend on the sequence supplied to the constructor
and possibly also depend on the history
of generate's previous invocations. | ||
size_t | The number of 32-bit units
that would be copied
by a call to r.param. | constant | |
void | Copies to the given destination
a sequence of 32-bit units
that can be provided
to the constructor of a second object of type S,
and that would reproduce in that second object
a state indistinguishable
from the state of the first object. |
Expression | Return type | Pre/post-condition | Complexity |
T | compile-time | ||
T | amortized constant | ||
T | Denotes the least value potentially returned
by operator(). | compile-time | |
T | Denotes the greatest value potentially returned
by operator(). | compile-time |
Expression | Return type | Pre/post-condition | Complexity |
Creates an engine
with the same initial state
as all other default-constructed engines
of type E. | |||
Creates an engine
that compares equal to x. | |||
Creates an engine
with initial state determined by s. | |||
Creates an engine
with an initial state
that depends on a sequence
produced by one call
to q.generate. | same as complexity of q.generate
called on a sequence
whose length is size of state | ||
void | same as E() | ||
void | same as E(s) | ||
void | same as E(q) | ||
T | per Table 98 | ||
void | no worse than the complexity
of z consecutive calls e() | ||
bool | This operator is an equivalence relation. With and
as the infinite sequences of values
that would be generated
by repeated future calls
to x() and y(),
respectively,
returns true
if ;
else returns false. | ||
bool | !(x == y). | ||
reference to the type of os | With os.fmtflags set to
ios_base::dec|ios_base::left
and the fill character set to the space character,
writes to os
the textual representation
of x's current state. In the output,
adjacent numbers are separated
by one or more space characters. | ||
reference to the type of is | With is.fmtflags
set to ios_base::dec,
sets v's state
as determined by reading its textual representation from is. If bad input is encountered,
ensures that v's state is unchanged by the operation
and
calls is.setstate(ios::failbit)
(which may throw ios::failure ([iostate.flags])). If a textual representation written via os << x
was subsequently read via is >> v,
then x == v
provided that there have been no intervening invocations
of x or of v. Requires:
is provides a textual representation
that was previously written
using an output stream
whose imbued locale
was the same as that of is,
and whose type's template specialization arguments
charT and traits
were respectively the same as those of is. |
Expression | Return type | Pre/post-condition | Complexity |
T | compile-time | ||
P | compile-time | ||
Creates a distribution whose behavior is indistinguishable
from that of any other newly default-constructed distribution
of type D. | constant | ||
Creates a distribution whose behavior is indistinguishable
from that of a distribution
newly constructed directly from the values used to construct p. | same as p's construction | ||
void | constant | ||
P | no worse than the complexity of D(p) | ||
void | no worse than the complexity of D(p) | ||
T | With ,
the sequence of numbers
returned by successive invocations
with the same object g
is randomly distributed
according to the associated
p(z |{p})
or
function. | amortized constant number of invocations of g | |
T | The sequence of numbers
returned by successive invocations
with the same objects g and p
is randomly distributed
according to the associated
p(z |{p})
or
function. | amortized constant number of invocations of g | |
T | Returns glb. | constant | |
T | Returns lub. | constant | |
bool | This operator is an equivalence relation. Returns true
if x.param() == y.param() and ,
where and are
the infinite sequences of values
that would be generated, respectively,
by repeated future calls
to x(g1) and y(g2)
whenever g1 == g2. Otherwise returns false. | constant | |
bool | !(x == y). | same as x == y. | |
reference to the type of os | |||
reference to the type of is | If bad input is encountered,
ensures that d is unchanged by the operation
and
calls is.setstate(ios::failbit)
(which may throw ios::failure ([iostate.flags])). Requires: is provides a textual representation
that was previously written
using an os whose imbued locale
and whose type's template specialization arguments
charT and traits
were the same as those of is. |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Requirements | ||
Forward declarations | <iosfwd> | |
Standard iostream objects | <iostream> | |
Iostreams base classes | <ios> | |
Stream buffers | <streambuf> | |
Formatting and manipulators | <istream> | |
<ostream> | ||
<iomanip> | ||
String streams | <sstream> | |
File streams | <fstream> | |
File systems | <filesystem> | |
C library files | <cstdio> | |
<cinttypes> | ||
Element | Effect(s) if set |
boolalpha | insert and extract bool type in alphabetic format |
dec | converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base |
fixed | generate floating-point output in fixed-point notation |
hex | converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal base |
internal | adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain generated output,
or identical to right if no such point is designated |
left | adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain generated output |
oct | converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base |
right | adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain generated output |
scientific | generates floating-point output in scientific notation |
showbase | generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer output |
showpoint | generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated floating-point output |
showpos | generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output |
skipws | skips leading whitespace before certain input operations |
unitbuf | flushes output after each output operation |
uppercase | replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents in generated output |
Constant | Allowable values |
adjustfield | left | right | internal |
basefield | dec | oct | hex |
floatfield | scientific | fixed |
Element | Effect(s) if set |
badbit | indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence
(such as an irrecoverable read error from a file); |
eofbit | indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input sequence; |
failbit | indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected characters,
or that an output operation failed to generate the desired characters. |
Element | Effect(s) if set |
app | seek to end before each write |
ate | open and seek to end immediately after opening |
binary | perform input and output in binary mode (as opposed to text mode) |
in | open for input |
out | open for output |
trunc | truncate an existing stream when opening |
Element | Meaning |
beg | request a seek (for subsequent input or output) relative to the beginning of the stream |
cur | request a seek relative to the current position within the sequence |
end | request a seek relative to the current end of the sequence |
Expression | Return type | Operational | Assertion/note |
semantics | pre-/post-condition | ||
P(i) | |||
P p(i); P p = i; | |||
P(o) | fpos | converts from offset | |
O(p) | streamoff | converts to offset | P(O(p)) == p |
p == q | convertible to bool | == is an equivalence relation | |
p != q | convertible to bool | !(p == q) | |
q = p + o p += o | fpos | + offset | q - o == p |
q = p - o p -= o | fpos | - offset | q + o == p |
o = p - q | streamoff | distance | q + o == p |
streamsize(o) O(sz) | streamsize streamoff | converts converts | streamsize(O(sz)) == sz streamsize(O(sz)) == sz |
Element | Value |
rdbuf() | sb |
tie() | 0 |
rdstate() | |
exceptions() | goodbit |
flags() | skipws | dec |
width() | 0 |
precision() | 6 |
fill() | widen(' ') |
getloc() | a copy of the value returned by locale() |
iarray | a null pointer |
parray | a null pointer |
Element | Value |
rdbuf() | unchanged |
tie() | rhs.tie() |
rdstate() | unchanged |
exceptions() | rhs.exceptions() |
flags() | rhs.flags() |
width() | rhs.width() |
precision() | rhs.precision() |
fill() | rhs.fill() |
getloc() | rhs.getloc() |
Conditions | Result |
(which & ios_base::in) == ios_base::in | positions the input sequence |
(which & ios_base::out) == ios_base::out | positions the output sequence |
(which & (ios_base::in | ios_base::out)) == (ios_base::in) | ios_base::out)) and way == either ios_base::beg or ios_base::end | positions both the input and the output sequences |
Otherwise | the positioning operation fails. |
Condition | newoff Value |
way == ios_base::beg | 0 |
way == ios_base::cur | the next pointer minus the beginning pointer (xnext - xbeg). |
way == ios_base::end | the high mark pointer minus the beginning pointer (high_mark - xbeg). |
ios_base flag combination | stdio equivalent | ||||
binary | in | out | trunc | app | |
+ | "w" | ||||
+ | + | "a" | |||
+ | "a" | ||||
+ | + | "w" | |||
+ | "r" | ||||
+ | + | "r+" | |||
+ | + | + | "w+" | ||
+ | + | + | "a+" | ||
+ | + | "a+" | |||
+ | + | "wb" | |||
+ | + | + | "ab" | ||
+ | + | "ab" | |||
+ | + | + | "wb" | ||
+ | + | "rb" | |||
+ | + | + | "r+b" | ||
+ | + | + | + | "w+b" | |
+ | + | + | + | "a+b" | |
+ | + | + | "a+b" | ||
way Value | stdio Equivalent |
basic_ios::beg | SEEK_SET |
basic_ios::cur | SEEK_CUR |
basic_ios::end | SEEK_END |
Expression | Value |
runtime_error::what() | what_arg.c_str() |
code() | ec |
path1().empty() | true |
path2().empty() | true |
Expression | Value |
runtime_error::what() | what_arg.c_str() |
code() | ec |
path1() | Reference to stored copy of p1 |
path2().empty() | true |
Expression | Value |
runtime_error::what() | what_arg.c_str() |
code() | ec |
path1() | Reference to stored copy of p1 |
path2() | Reference to stored copy of p2 |
Name | Meaning |
native_format | The native pathname format. |
generic_format | The generic pathname format. |
auto_format | The interpretation of the format of the character sequence is
implementation-defined. The implementation may inspect the content of the character sequence to
determine the format. |
Constant | Meaning |
none | The type of the file has not been determined or an error occurred while
trying to determine the type. |
not_found | Pseudo-type indicating the file was not found. |
regular | Regular file |
directory | Directory file |
symlink | Symbolic link file |
block | Block special file |
character | Character special file |
fifo | FIFO or pipe file |
socket | Socket file |
unknown | The file exists but the type could not be determined |
Option group controlling copy_file function effects for existing target files | |
Constant | Meaning |
none | (Default) Error; file already exists. |
skip_existing | Do not overwrite existing file, do not report an error. |
overwrite_existing | Overwrite the existing file. |
update_existing | Overwrite the existing file if it is older than the replacement file. |
Option group controlling copy function effects for sub-directories | |
Constant | Meaning |
none | (Default) Do not copy sub-directories. |
recursive | Recursively copy sub-directories and their contents. |
Option group controlling copy function effects for symbolic links | |
Constant | Meaning |
none | (Default) Follow symbolic links. |
copy_symlinks | Copy symbolic links as symbolic links rather than copying the files that
they point to. |
skip_symlinks | Ignore symbolic links. |
Option group controlling copy function effects for choosing the form of copying | |
Constant | Meaning |
none | (Default) Copy content. |
directories_only | Copy directory structure only, do not copy non-directory files. |
create_symlinks | Make symbolic links instead of copies of files. The source path shall be
an absolute path unless the destination path is in the current directory. |
create_hard_links | Make hard links instead of copies of files. |
Name | Value | POSIX | Definition or notes |
(octal) | macro | ||
none | 0 | There are no permissions set for the file. | |
owner_read | 0400 | S_IRUSR | Read permission, owner |
owner_write | 0200 | S_IWUSR | Write permission, owner |
owner_exec | 0100 | S_IXUSR | Execute/search permission, owner |
owner_all | 0700 | S_IRWXU | Read, write, execute/search by owner; owner_read | owner_write | owner_exec |
group_read | 040 | S_IRGRP | Read permission, group |
group_write | 020 | S_IWGRP | Write permission, group |
group_exec | 010 | S_IXGRP | Execute/search permission, group |
group_all | 070 | S_IRWXG | Read, write, execute/search by group; group_read | group_write | group_exec |
others_read | 04 | S_IROTH | Read permission, others |
others_write | 02 | S_IWOTH | Write permission, others |
others_exec | 01 | S_IXOTH | Execute/search permission, others |
others_all | 07 | S_IRWXO | Read, write, execute/search by others; others_read | others_write | others_exec |
all | 0777 | owner_all | group_all | others_all | |
set_uid | 04000 | S_ISUID | Set-user-ID on execution |
set_gid | 02000 | S_ISGID | Set-group-ID on execution |
sticky_bit | 01000 | S_ISVTX | Operating system dependent. |
mask | 07777 | all | set_uid | set_gid | sticky_bit | |
unknown | 0xFFFF | The permissions are not known, such as when a file_status object
is created without specifying the permissions |
Name | Meaning |
replace | permissions shall replace the file's permission bits with perm |
add | permissions shall replace the file's permission bits with
the bitwise OR of perm and the file's current permission bits. |
remove | permissions shall replace the file's permission bits with
the bitwise AND of the complement of perm and the file's current permission bits. |
nofollow | permissions shall change the permissions of a symbolic link itself
rather than the permissions of the file the link resolves to. |
Name | Meaning |
none | (Default) Skip directory symlinks, permission denied is an error. |
follow_directory_symlink | Follow rather than skip directory symlinks. |
skip_permission_denied | Skip directories that would otherwise result in permission denied. |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Definitions | ||
Requirements | ||
Constants | ||
Exception type | ||
Traits | ||
Regular expression template | <regex> | |
Submatches | ||
Match results | ||
Algorithms | ||
Iterators | ||
Grammar | ||
Expression | Return type | Assertion/note pre-/post-condition |
X::char_type | charT | The character container type used in the implementation of class
template basic_regex. |
X::string_type | basic_string<charT> | |
X::locale_type | A copy constructible type | A type that represents the locale used by the traits class. |
X::char_class_type | A bitmask type ([bitmask.types]). | A bitmask type representing a particular character classification. |
X::length(p) | size_t | Complexity is
linear in i . |
v.translate(c) | X::char_type | Returns a character such that for any character d that is to
be considered equivalent to c then v.translate(c) == v.translate(d). |
v.translate_nocase(c) | X::char_type | For all characters C that are to be considered equivalent
to c when comparisons are to be performed without regard to
case, then v.translate_nocase(c) == v.translate_nocase(C). |
v.transform(F1, F2) | X::string_type | Returns a sort key for the character sequence designated by the
iterator range [F1, F2) such that if the character sequence
[G1, G2) sorts before the character sequence [H1, H2)
then v.transform(G1, G2) < v.transform(H1, H2). |
v.transform_primary(F1, F2) | X::string_type | Returns a sort key for the character sequence designated by the
iterator range [F1, F2) such that if the character sequence
[G1, G2) sorts before the character sequence [H1, H2)
when character case is not considered
then v.transform_primary(G1, G2) < v.transform_primary(H1, H2). |
v.lookup_collatename(F1, F2) | X::string_type | Returns a sequence of characters that represents the collating element
consisting of the character sequence designated by the iterator range
[F1, F2). Returns an empty string if the character sequence is not
a valid collating element. |
v.lookup_classname(F1, F2, b) | X::char_class_type | Converts the character sequence designated by the iterator range
[F1, F2) into a value of a bitmask type that can
subsequently be passed to isctype. Values returned from
lookup_classname can be bitwise or'ed together; the
resulting value represents membership in either of the
corresponding character classes. If b is true, the returned bitmask is suitable for
matching characters without regard to their case. The value returned shall be independent of the case of
the characters in the sequence. |
v.isctype(c, cl) | bool | Returns true if character c is a member of
one of the character classes designated by cl,
false otherwise. |
v.value(c, I) | int | Returns the value represented by the digit c in base
I if the character c is a valid digit in base I;
otherwise returns -1. |
u.imbue(loc) | X::locale_type | |
v.getloc() | X::locale_type | Returns the current locale used by v, if any. |
Element | Effect(s) if set |
icase | Specifies that matching of regular expressions against a character
container sequence shall be performed without regard to case. |
nosubs | Specifies that no sub-expressions shall be considered to be marked, so that
when a regular expression is matched against a
character container sequence, no sub-expression matches shall be
stored in the supplied match_results structure. |
optimize | Specifies that the regular expression engine should pay more attention
to the speed with which regular expressions are matched, and less to
the speed with which regular expression objects are
constructed. Otherwise it has no detectable effect on the program
output. |
collate | Specifies that character ranges of the form "[a-b]" shall be locale
sensitive. |
ECMAScript | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by ECMAScript in ECMA-262, as modified in [re.grammar]. |
basic | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by basic regular expressions in POSIX, Base Definitions and
Headers, Section 9, Regular Expressions. |
extended | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by extended regular expressions in POSIX, Base Definitions and
Headers, Section 9, Regular Expressions. |
awk | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by the utility awk in POSIX. |
grep | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by the utility grep in POSIX. |
egrep | Specifies that the grammar recognized by the regular expression engine
shall be that used by the utility grep when given the -E
option in POSIX. |
multiline | Specifies that ^ shall match the beginning of a line and
$ shall match the end of a line,
if the ECMAScript engine is selected. |
Element | Effect(s) if set |
The first character in the sequence [first, last) shall be treated
as though it is not at the beginning of a line, so the character
^ in the regular expression shall not match [first, first). | |
The last character in the sequence [first, last) shall be treated
as though it is not at the end of a line, so the character
"$" in the regular expression shall not match [last, last). | |
If more than one match is possible then any match is an
acceptable result. | |
The expression shall not match an empty
sequence. | |
The expression shall only match a sub-sequence that begins at
first. | |
--first is a valid iterator position. | |
When a regular expression match is to be replaced by a
new string, the new string shall be constructed using the rules used by
the ECMAScript replace function in ECMA-262,
part 15.5.4.11 String.prototype.replace. In
addition, during search and replace operations all non-overlapping
occurrences of the regular expression shall be located and replaced, and
sections of the input that did not match the expression shall be copied
unchanged to the output string. | |
When a regular expression match is to be replaced by a
new string, the new string shall be constructed using the rules used by
the sed utility in POSIX. | |
During a search and replace operation, sections of
the character container sequence being searched that do not match the
regular expression shall not be copied to the output string. | |
When specified during a search and replace operation, only the
first occurrence of the regular expression shall be replaced. |
Value | Error condition |
error_collate | The expression contained an invalid collating element name. |
error_ctype | The expression contained an invalid character class name. |
error_escape | The expression contained an invalid escaped character, or a trailing
escape. |
error_backref | The expression contained an invalid back reference. |
error_brack | |
error_paren | |
error_brace | The expression contained mismatched { and } |
error_badbrace | The expression contained an invalid range in a {} expression. |
error_range | The expression contained an invalid character range, such as
[b-a] in most encodings. |
error_space | There was insufficient memory to convert the expression into a finite
state machine. |
error_badrepeat | One of *?+{ was not preceded by a valid regular expression. |
error_complexity | The complexity of an attempted match against a regular expression
exceeded a pre-set level. |
error_stack | There was insufficient memory to determine whether the regular
expression could match the specified character sequence. |
Narrow character name | Wide character name | Corresponding ctype_base::mask value |
"alnum" | L"alnum" | ctype_base::alnum |
"alpha" | L"alpha" | ctype_base::alpha |
"blank" | L"blank" | ctype_base::blank |
"cntrl" | L"cntrl" | ctype_base::cntrl |
"digit" | L"digit" | ctype_base::digit |
"d" | L"d" | ctype_base::digit |
"graph" | L"graph" | ctype_base::graph |
"lower" | L"lower" | ctype_base::lower |
"print" | L"print" | ctype_base::print |
"punct" | L"punct" | ctype_base::punct |
"space" | L"space" | ctype_base::space |
"s" | L"s" | ctype_base::space |
"upper" | L"upper" | ctype_base::upper |
"w" | L"w" | ctype_base::alnum |
"xdigit" | L"xdigit" | ctype_base::xdigit |
Element | Value |
ready() | m.ready() |
size() | m.size() |
str(n) | m.str(n) for all integers n < m.size() |
prefix() | m.prefix() |
suffix() | m.suffix() |
(*this)[n] | m[n] for all integers n < m.size() |
length(n) | m.length(n) for all integers n < m.size() |
position(n) | m.position(n) for all integers n < m.size() |
Element | Value |
m.size() | 1 + e.mark_count() |
m.empty() | false |
m.prefix().first | first |
m.prefix().second | first |
m.prefix().matched | false |
m.suffix().first | last |
m.suffix().second | last |
m.suffix().matched | false |
m[0].first | first |
m[0].second | last |
m[0].matched | true |
m[n].first | |
m[n].second | |
m[n].matched | For all integers 0 < n < m.size(), true if sub-expression n participated in
the match, false otherwise. |
Element | Value |
m.size() | 1 + e.mark_count() |
m.empty() | false |
m.prefix().first | first |
m.prefix().second | m[0].first |
m.prefix().matched | m.prefix().first != m.prefix().second |
m.suffix().first | m[0].second |
m.suffix().second | last |
m.suffix().matched | m.suffix().first != m.suffix().second |
m[0].first | The start of the sequence of characters that matched the regular expression |
m[0].second | The end of the sequence of characters that matched the regular expression |
m[0].matched | true |
m[n].first | |
m[n].second | |
m[n].matched | For all integers 0 < n < m.size(), true if sub-expression n
participated in the match, false otherwise. |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Order and Consistency | ||
Lock-free Property | ||
Atomic Types | <atomic> | |
Operations on Atomic Types | ||
Flag Type and Operations | ||
Fences | ||
key | Op | Computation | key | Op | Computation |
add | + | addition | sub | - | subtraction |
or | | | bitwise inclusive or | xor | ^ | bitwise exclusive or |
and | & | bitwise and |
Subclause | Header(s) | |
Requirements | ||
Threads | <thread> | |
Mutual exclusion | <mutex> | |
<shared_mutex> | ||
Condition variables | <condition_variable> | |
Futures | <future> | |
<assert.h> | <inttypes.h> | <signal.h> | <stdio.h> | <wchar.h> |
<complex.h> | <iso646.h> | <stdalign.h> | <stdlib.h> | <wctype.h> |
<ctype.h> | <limits.h> | <stdarg.h> | <string.h> | |
<errno.h> | <locale.h> | <stdbool.h> | <tgmath.h> | |
<fenv.h> | <math.h> | <stddef.h> | <time.h> | |
<float.h> | <setjmp.h> | <stdint.h> | <uchar.h> |
Element | Value |
strmode | dynamic |
alsize | alsize_arg |
palloc | a null pointer |
pfree | a null pointer |
Element | Value |
strmode | dynamic |
alsize | an unspecified value |
palloc | palloc_arg |
pfree | pfree_arg |
Element | Value |
strmode | 0 |
alsize | an unspecified value |
palloc | a null pointer |
pfree | a null pointer |
Conditions | Result |
(which & ios::in) != 0 | positions the input sequence |
(which & ios::out) != 0 | positions the output sequence |
(which & (ios::in | ios::out)) == (ios::in | ios::out)) and way == either ios::beg or ios::end | positions both the input and the output sequences |
Otherwise | the positioning operation fails. |