--------------------------------------------------------- -- sumo-5 [= type entityfile] [= contents ] --------------------------------------------------------- -- UnitOfMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass PhysicalQuantity] @Comment A standard of measurement for some dimension. For example, the &%Meter is a &%UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, as is the &%Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a &%UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive or fundamental; rather, a system of units (e.g. &%SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each. --------------------------------------------------------- -- SystemeInternationalUnit [= type ontoc] [= subclass UnitOfMeasure] @Comment The &%Class of Systeme International (SI) units. --------------------------------------------------------- -- LengthMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment The &%Class of &%ConstantQuantities relating to length. --------------------------------------------------------- -- MassMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment The &%Class of &%ConstantQuantities relating to the amount of matter in an &%Object. --------------------------------------------------------- -- AreaMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions. --------------------------------------------------------- -- VolumeMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions. --------------------------------------------------------- -- TemperatureMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment Measures of temperature. In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing. --------------------------------------------------------- -- CurrencyMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment Includes all standard measures of monetary value, including &%UnitedStatesDollar, &%UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc. --------------------------------------------------------- -- AngleMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment The value of an angle in a plane or in a solid. --------------------------------------------------------- -- PlaneAngleMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass AngleMeasure] @Comment The value of an angle in a plane. --------------------------------------------------------- -- SolidAngleMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass AngleMeasure] [= disjoint PlaneAngleMeasure] @Comment The value of an angle in a solid. --------------------------------------------------------- -- MeasureFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {BinaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain ] [= range ConstantQuantity] @Comment This &%BinaryFunction maps a &%RealNumber and a &%UnitOfMeasure to that &%Number of units. It is used for expressing &%ConstantQuantities. For example, the concept of three meters is represented as (&%MeasureFn 3 &%Meter). @Axioms (=> (and (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER ?UNIT) ?QUANT) (subclass ?UNIT ?QUANTTYPE)) (instance ?QUANT ?QUANTTYPE)) (=> (and (instance ?REL RelationExtendedToQuantities) (instance ?REL TernaryRelation) (instance ?NUMBER1 RealNumber) (instance ?NUMBER2 RealNumber) (holds ?REL ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ?VALUE)) (forall (?UNIT) (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (holds ?REL (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT) (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT) (MeasureFn ?VALUE ?UNIT))))) (=> (and (instance ?REL RelationExtendedToQuantities) (instance ?REL BinaryRelation) (instance ?NUMBER1 RealNumber) (instance ?NUMBER2 RealNumber) (holds ?REL ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)) (forall (?UNIT) (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (holds ?REL (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT) (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT))))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- KiloFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%KiloFn &%Gram) is 1,000 &%Grams. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (KiloFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1000 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MegaFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MegaFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000 &%Hertz. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (MegaFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1000000 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- GigaFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%GigaFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000,000 &%Hertz. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (GigaFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1000000000 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- TeraFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%TeraFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000,000,000 &%Hertz. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (TeraFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1000000000000 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MilliFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MilliFn &%Gram) is .001 &%Grams. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (MilliFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 0.001 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MicroFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MicroFn &%Meter) is .000001 &%Meters. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (MicroFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1.0e-6 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- NanoFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MicroFn &%SecondDuration) is .000000001 &%SecondDurations. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (NanoFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1.0e-9 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- PicoFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {UnaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain UnitOfMeasure] [= range UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%PicoFn &%SecondDuration) is .000000000001 &%SecondDurations. @Axioms (=> (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure) (equal (PicoFn ?UNIT) (MeasureFn 1.0e-12 ?UNIT))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- IntervalFn [= type ontoc] [= instance BinaryFunction] [= domain ] [= relatedInternalConcept RecurrentTimeIntervalFn] [= rangeSubclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment A &%BinaryFunction that maps two &%ConstantQuantities to the &%Class of &%ConstantQuantities that comprise the interval from the first &%ConstantQuantity to the second &%ConstantQuantity. For example, (&%IntervalFn (&%MeasureFn 8 &%Meter) (&%MeasureFn 14 &%Meter)) would return the &%Class of &%ConstantQuantities between 8 and 14 meters in length. @Axioms (<=> (instance ?QUANTITY (IntervalFn ?FROM ?TO)) (and (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?QUANTITY ?FROM) (lessThanOrEqualTo ?QUANTITY ?TO))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MagnitudeFn [= type ontoc] [= instance UnaryFunction] [= domain ConstantQuantity] [= range RealNumber] @Comment The magnitude of a &%ConstantQuantity is the numeric value for the quantity. In other words, &%MagnitudeFn converts a &%ConstantQuantity with an associated &%UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary &%RealNumber. For example, the magnitude of the &%ConstantQuantity 2 &%Kilometers is the &%RealNumber 2. Note that the magnitude of a quantity in a given unit times that unit is equal to the original quantity. @Axioms (=> (and (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure)) (equal (MagnitudeFn (MeasureFn ?NUMBER ?UNIT)) ?NUMBER)) --------------------------------------------------------- -- PerFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {BinaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain ] [= range FunctionQuantity] @Comment &%PerFn maps two instances of &%ConstantQuantity to the &%FunctionQuantity composed of these two instances. For example, (&%PerFn (&%MeasureFn 2 (&%MicroFn &%Gram)) (&%MeasureFn 1 (&%KiloFn &%Gram))) denotes the &%FunctionQuantity of 2 micrograms per kiogram. This function is useful, because it allows the knowledge engineer to dynamically generate instances of &%FunctionQuantity. --------------------------------------------------------- -- DensityFn [= type ontoc] [= instance TotalValuedRelation] [= domain ] [= range FunctionQuantity] [= subrelation PerFn] @Comment &%DensityFn maps an instance of &%MassMeasure and an instance of &%VolumeMeasure to the density represented by this proportion of mass and volume. For example, (&%DensityFn (&%MeasureFn 3 &%Gram) (&%MeasureFn 1 &%Liter)) represents the density of 3 grams per liter. --------------------------------------------------------- -- SpeedFn [= type ontoc] [= instance TotalValuedRelation] [= domain ] [= range FunctionQuantity] [= subrelation PerFn] @Comment Maps an instance of &%LengthMeasure and an instance of &%TimeDuration to the speed represented by this proportion of distance and time. For example, (&%SpeedFn (&%MeasureFn 55 &%Mile)(&%MeasureFn 1 &%HourDuration)) represents the velocity of 55 miles per hour. --------------------------------------------------------- -- VelocityFn [= type ontoc] [= instance {QuaternaryFunction TotalValuedRelation}] [= domain ] [= range FunctionQuantity] @Comment Specifies the velocity of an object, i.e. the speed and the direction of the speed. For example (&%VelocityFn (&%MeasureFn 55 &%Mile) (&%MeasureFn 2 &%HourDuration) ?REFERENCE &%North) denotes the velocity of 55 miles per hour North of the given reference point ?REFERENCE. @Axioms (=> (measure ?OBJECT (VelocityFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME ?REF ?DIRECTION)) (measure ?OBJECT (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Meter [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI &%LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a &%SecondDuration. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Gram [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000 &%Grams. --------------------------------------------------------- -- SecondDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI &%TimeDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Ampere [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the &%Ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 &%Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2*10^(-7) &%Newton per &%Meter of length. --------------------------------------------------------- -- KelvinDegree [= type ontoc] [= subclass TemperatureMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI &%TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16 &%KelvinDegrees while it is 0 &%CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Mole [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI amount of substance unit. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the &%Mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 &%Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this &%UnitOfMeasure is used, the elementary entities must be specified - they may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Candela [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 &%Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 &%Watt per &%Steradian. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Liter [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Unit of volume in the metric system. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: l. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Centimeter [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Submultiple of &%Meter. Symbol: cm. It is the 100th part of a &%Meter @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Centimeter) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 0.01) Meter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Radian [= type ontoc] [= subclass PlaneAngleMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. &%Radian = m/m = 1. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Steradian [= type ontoc] [= subclass SolidAngleMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. &%Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Hertz [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDependentQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the number of cycles per second. &%Hertz = s^(-1). Note that &%Hertz does not have a conversion function. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Newton [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 &%Meter per &%SecondDuration. &%Newton = m*kg*s^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Pascal [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the pressure of one &%Newton per square &%Meter. &%Pascal = N/m^2 = m^(-1)*kg*s^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Joule [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work done when the point of application of 1 &%Newton is displaced a distance of 1 &%Meter in the direction of the force. &%Joule = N*m = m^2*kg*s^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Watt [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI power measure. Symbol: W. A &%UnitOfMeasure that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by &%TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production of energy (or work) at the rate of one &%Joule per &%SecondDuration. &%Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(-3). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Coulomb [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDependentQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of a conductor in an electric circuit during each &%SecondDuration by a current of 1 &%Ampere. Coulomb = s*A. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Volt [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 &%Ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 &%Watt. &%Volt = W/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-1). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Farad [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 &%Volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. &%Farad = C/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^4*A^2. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Ohm [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 &%Volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 &%Ampere, this conductor not being the force of any electromotive force. &%Ohm = V/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Siemens [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. In the case of direct current, the conductance in &%Siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in &%Ohms; in the case of alternating current, it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^(3)*A^2. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Weber [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 &%Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 &%SecondDuration. &%Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Tesla [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T. One &%Tesla equals one &%Weber per square &%Meter. &%Tesla = Wb/m^2 = kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Henry [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One &%Henry is equivalent to one &%Volt divided by one &%Ampere per &%SecondDuration. If a current changing at the rate of one &%Ampere per &%SecondDuration induces an electromotive force of one &%Volt, the circuit has an inductance of one &%Henry. &%Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- CelsiusDegree [= type ontoc] [= subclass TemperatureMeasure] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment A &%TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 &%CelsiusDegrees and 100 &%CelsiusDegrees. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER CelsiusDegree) (MeasureFn (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER 273.15) KelvinDegree))) (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER CelsiusDegree) (MeasureFn (DivisionFn (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER 32) 1.8) FahrenheitDegree))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Lumen [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 &%Steradian from a uniform point source having an intensity of one &%Candela. &%Lumen = cd*sr = cd * 1. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Lux [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the amount of illumination provided when one &%Lumen is evenly distributed over an area of 1 square &%Meter. This is also equivalent to the illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one &%Meter from a point source of one &%Candela. &%Lux = lm/m^2 = m^(-2)*cd. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Becquerel [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDependentQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic disintegration per &%SecondDuration. &%Becquerel = s^(-1). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Gray [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to matter by ionizing radiation is 1 &%Joule per kilogram. &%Gray = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2). --------------------------------------------------------- -- Sievert [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance SystemeInternationalUnit] @Comment SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The &%Sievert makes it possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, since each form of such radiation--e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons-- has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in &%Sievert) is the dose of the radiation in &%Gray multiplied by a quality factor that is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. Accordingly, one &%Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one &%Gray of gamma radiation. &%Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2) --------------------------------------------------------- -- DayDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER DayDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 24) HourDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- HourDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER HourDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 60) MinuteDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MinuteDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER MinuteDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 60) SecondDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- WeekDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. A week's duration is seven days. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER WeekDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 7) DayDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MonthDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. A month's duration is at least 28 days, and no more than 31 days. Note that this unit is a range, rather than an exact amount, unlike most other units. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (greaterThanOrEqualTo (MeasureFn ?NUMBER MonthDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 28) DayDuration))) (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (lessThanOrEqualTo (MeasureFn ?NUMBER MonthDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 31) DayDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- YearDuration [= type ontoc] [= subclass TimeDuration] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year = 365 days = 31536000 seconds. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER YearDuration) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 365) DayDuration))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Amu [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Amu) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1.6605402e-24) Gram))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- ElectronVolt [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment The &%ElectronVolt is an energy measure. Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 &%Volt in a vacuum. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER ElectronVolt) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1.6021774e-19) Joule))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Angstrom [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment The &%Angstrom is a &%LengthMeasure. 1 &%Angstrom = 10^(-10) m @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Angstrom) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1.0e-10) Meter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- FootLength [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English length unit of feet. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER FootLength) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 0.3048) Meter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Inch [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English length unit of inches. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Inch) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 0.0254) Meter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Mile [= type ontoc] [= subclass LengthMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English length unit of miles. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Mile) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1609.344) Meter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- UnitedStatesGallon [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] [= relatedInternalConcept UnitedKingdomGallon] @Comment Unit of volume commonly used in the United States. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER UnitedStatesGallon) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 3.7854118) Liter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Quart [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a &%UnitedStatesGallon. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Quart) (MeasureFn (DivisionFn ?NUMBER 4) UnitedStatesGallon))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Pint [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a &%Quart. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Pint) (MeasureFn (DivisionFn ?NUMBER 2) Quart))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Cup [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a &%Pint. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Cup) (MeasureFn (DivisionFn ?NUMBER 2) Pint))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Ounce [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a &%Cup. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Ounce) (MeasureFn (DivisionFn ?NUMBER 8) Cup))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- UnitedKingdomGallon [= type ontoc] [= subclass VolumeMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment Unit of volume commonly used in the United Kingdom. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER UnitedKingdomGallon) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 4.54609) Liter))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- AtomGram [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment &%MassMeasure that is also known as the gram-atom. Defined as the mass in grams of 1 &%Mole of pure substance. For example, 1 &%AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 &%Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 &%AtomGrams of the same substance will be 24 &%Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in that it is essentially 1 &%Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance. --------------------------------------------------------- -- PoundMass [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English mass unit of pounds. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER PoundMass) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 453.59238) Gram))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Slug [= type ontoc] [= subclass MassMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English mass unit of slugs. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Slug) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 14593.9) Gram))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- RankineDegree [= type ontoc] [= subclass TemperatureMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 &%RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 &%KelvinDegrees). @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER RankineDegree) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1.8) KelvinDegree))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- FahrenheitDegree [= type ontoc] [= subclass TemperatureMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 &%FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 212 &%FahrenheitDegrees. --------------------------------------------------------- -- PoundForce [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment English pound of force. The conversion factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this constant. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER PoundForce) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 4.448222) Newton))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- Calorie [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A &%Calorie is an energy measure. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Calorie) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 4.1868) Joule))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- BritishThermalUnit [= type ontoc] [= subclass FunctionQuantity] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment An energy measure. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER BritishThermalUnit) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1055.0559) Joule))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- AngularDegree [= type ontoc] [= subclass PlaneAngleMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A plane angle measure. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER AngularDegree) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER (DivisionFn Pi 180)) Radian))) (=> (measure ?ANGLE (MeasureFn ?NUMBER AngularDegree)) (and (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER 0) (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER 360))) (equal (MeasureFn 0 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 360 AngularDegree)) --------------------------------------------------------- -- UnitedStatesDollar [= type ontoc] [= subclass CurrencyMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A currency measure. --------------------------------------------------------- -- UnitedStatesCent [= type ontoc] [= subclass CurrencyMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A currency measure. 1 &%UnitedStatesCent is equal to .01 &%UnitedStatesDollars. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER UnitedStatesCent) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 0.01) UnitedStatesDollar))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- EuroDollar [= type ontoc] [= subclass CurrencyMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A currency measure of most European Union countries. --------------------------------------------------------- -- EuroCent [= type ontoc] [= subclass CurrencyMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment A currency measure. 1 &%EuroCent is equal to .01 &%EuroDollars. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER EuroCent) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 0.01) EuroDollar))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- InformationMeasure [= type ontoc] [= subclass ConstantQuantity] @Comment Measures of the amount of information. Includes &%Bit, &%Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. &%KiloByte and &%MegaByte. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Bit [= type ontoc] [= subclass InformationMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment One &%Bit of information. A one or a zero. --------------------------------------------------------- -- Byte [= type ontoc] [= subclass InformationMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment One &%Byte of information. A &%Byte is eight &%Bits. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Byte) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 8) Bit))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- KiloByte [= type ontoc] [= subclass InformationMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment One &%KiloByte (KB) of information. One &%KiloByte is 1024 &%Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in the SI system. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER KiloByte) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1024) Byte))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- MegaByte [= type ontoc] [= subclass InformationMeasure] [= instance UnitOfMeasure] @Comment One &%MegaByte (MB) of information. One &%MegaByte is 1024 &%KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one accepted in the SI system. @Axioms (=> (instance ?NUMBER RealNumber) (equal (MeasureFn ?NUMBER MegaByte) (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 1024) KiloByte))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- measure [= type ontoc] [= instance {BinaryPredicate AsymmetricRelation}] [= domain ] @Comment A very general &%Predicate for asserting that a particular &%Object is measured by a particular &%ConstantQuantity. In general, the second argument of this &%Predicate will be an instance of the &%Function &%MeasureFn. --------------------------------------------------------- -- age [= type ontoc] [= instance SingleValuedRelation] [= domain TimeDuration] [= subrelation measure] @Comment Simply relates an &%Object to a &%ConstantQuantity specifying the age of the &%Object. @Axioms (=> (and (instance ?TIME TimePoint) (holdsDuring ?TIME (age ?OBJ ?DURATION))) (duration (TimeIntervalFn (BeginFn (WhenFn ?OBJ)) ?TIME) ?DURATION)) --------------------------------------------------------- -- length [= type ontoc] [= domain LengthMeasure] [= subrelation measure] @Comment &%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an &%Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note that the difference between the predicates &%length and &%distance is that the &%length is used to state the &%LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object, while &%distance is used to state the &%LengthMeasure that separates two distinct objects --------------------------------------------------------- -- width [= type ontoc] [= instance SingleValuedRelation] [= subrelation length] @Comment &%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an &%Object from side to side at its widest span. --------------------------------------------------------- -- height [= type ontoc] [= domain ] [= subrelation length] @Comment The height of an &%Object is the distance between its &%top and its &%bottom. --------------------------------------------------------- -- diameter [= type ontoc] [= subrelation width] [= latest-reset bp-015] (dirprop 'diameter 'astro) @Comment &%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of a circular &%Object from side to side. --------------------------------------------------------- -- distance [= type ontoc] [= instance {SingleValuedRelation SpatialRelation TernaryPredicate}] [= domain ] @Comment (&%distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note that the difference between the predicates &%length and &%distance is that the &%length is used to state the &%LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object, while &%distance is used to state the &%LengthMeasure that separates two distinct objects. @Axioms (=> (distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) (distance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1 ?QUANT)) --------------------------------------------------------- -- altitude [= type ontoc] [= instance SingleValuedRelation] [= subrelation distance] @Comment A &%TernaryPredicate that is used to state the &%distance between the &%top of an &%Object and another point that is below the &%top of the &%Object (often this other point will be sea level). Note that this &%Predicate can be used to specify, for example, the height of geographic features, e.g. mountains, the altitude of aircraft, and the orbit of satellites around the Earth. @Axioms (=> (altitude ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT) (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Above)) (=> (altitude ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT) (exists (?TOP) (and (top ?TOP ?OBJ1) (distance ?TOP ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT)))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- depth [= type ontoc] [= instance SingleValuedRelation] [= subrelation distance] @Comment A &%TernaryPredicate that is used to state the &%distance between the &%top of an &%Object and another point that is above the &%top of the &%Object (often this other point will be sea level). Note that this &%Predicate can be used to specify, for example, the depth of marine life or submarines, for example. @Axioms (=> (depth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH) (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Below)) (=> (depth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH) (exists (?BOTTOM) (and (bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJ1) (distance ?BOTTOM ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH)))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- larger [= type ontoc] [= instance {BinaryPredicate SpatialRelation TransitiveRelation IrreflexiveRelation}] [= domain ] @Comment (&%larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is larger, with respect to all &%LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2. @Axioms (=> (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) (forall (?QUANT1 ?QUANT2) (=> (and (measure ?OBJ1 (MeasureFn ?QUANT1 LengthMeasure)) (measure ?OBJ2 (MeasureFn ?QUANT2 LengthMeasure))) (greaterThan ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)))) --------------------------------------------------------- -- smaller [= type ontoc] [= instance {BinaryPredicate SpatialRelation TransitiveRelation IrreflexiveRelation}] [= domain ] [= inverse larger] @Comment (&%smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is smaller, with respect to all &%LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2. --------------------------------------------------------- -- monetaryValue [= type ontoc] [= instance SingleValuedRelation] [= domain ] [= subrelation measure] @Comment A &%BinaryPredicate that associates an &%Object or &%Process with its value expressed as an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure. --------------------------------------------------------- -- WealthFn [= type ontoc] [= instance UnaryFunction] [= domain Agent] [= range CurrencyMeasure] @Comment A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Agent to a &%CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the &%Agent. Note that this &%Function is generally used in conjunction with the &%Function &%PropertyFn, e.g. (&%WealthFn (&%PropertyFn BillGates)) would return the monetary value of the sum of Bill Gates' holdings. @Axioms (<=> (equal (WealthFn ?PERSON) ?AMOUNT) (monetaryValue (PropertyFn ?PERSON) ?AMOUNT)) ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo