: Class String

java.lang.Object
  |
  +--java.lang.String

All Implemented Interfaces:: Comparable, Serializable

public final class String
extends Object
implements Serializable, Comparable

The String class represents character strings. All string literals in Java programs, such as "abc", are implemented as instances of this class.

Strings are constant; their values cannot be changed after they are created. String buffers support mutable strings. Because String objects are immutable they can be shared. For example:

     String str = "abc";

is equivalent to:

     char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
     String str = new String(data);

Here are some more examples of how strings can be used:

     System.out.println("abc");
     String cde = "cde";
     System.out.println("abc" + cde);
     String c = "abc".substring(2,3);
     String d = cde.substring(1, 2);

The class String includes methods for examining individual characters of the sequence, for comparing strings, for searching strings, for extracting substrings, and for creating a copy of a string with all characters translated to uppercase or to lowercase.

The Java language provides special support for the string concatentation operator ( + ), and for conversion of other objects to strings. String concatenation is implemented through the StringBuffer class and its append method. String conversions are implemented through the method toString, defined by Object and inherited by all classes in Java. For additional information on string concatenation and conversion, see Gosling, Joy, and Steele, The Java Language Specification.

Since:: JDK1.0
See Also:: Object.toString(), StringBuffer, StringBuffer.append(boolean), StringBuffer.append(char), StringBuffer.append(char[]), StringBuffer.append(char[], int, int), StringBuffer.append(double), StringBuffer.append(float), StringBuffer.append(int), StringBuffer.append(long), StringBuffer.append(java.lang.Object), StringBuffer.append(java.lang.String), Character encodings, Serialized Form

Field Summary

static Comparator CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
copy-> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER

Returns a Comparator that orders String objects as by compareToIgnoreCase. This comparator is serializable.
Note that this Comparator does not take locale into account, and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. The java.text package provides Collators to allow locale-sensitive ordering.

See Also:
Collator.compare(String, String)
Since:
1.2

Constructor Summary

String
copy-> new String()
copy-> <String var> = new String();

Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents an empty character sequence.

String
copy-> new String( )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>);

Construct a new String by converting the specified array of bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The length of the new String is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.

Parameters:
bytes - The bytes to be converted into characters
Since:
JDK1.1

String
copy-> new String(, )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] ascii>, <int hibyte>);

Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the String constructors that take a character-encoding name or that use the platform's default encoding.

Allocates a new String containing characters constructed from an array of 8-bit integer values. Each character cin the resulting string is constructed from the corresponding component b in the byte array such that:
c == (char)(((hibyte & 0xff) << 8) | (b & 0xff))

Parameters:
ascii - the bytes to be converted to characters.
hibyte - the top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode character.
Throws:
NullPointerException - If ascii is null.
See Also:
String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String), String(byte[], int, int), String(byte[], java.lang.String), String(byte[])

String
copy-> new String(, , )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <int offset>, <int length>);

Construct a new String by converting the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The length of the new String is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.

Parameters:
bytes - The bytes to be converted into characters
offset - Index of the first byte to convert
length - Number of bytes to convert
Since:
JDK1.1

String
copy-> new String(, , , )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] ascii>, <int hibyte>, <int offset>, <int count>);

Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the String constructors that take a character-encoding name or that use the platform's default encoding.

Allocates a new String constructed from a subarray of an array of 8-bit integer values.
The offset argument is the index of the first byte of the subarray, and the count argument specifies the length of the subarray.
Each byte in the subarray is converted to a char as specified in the method above.

Parameters:
ascii - the bytes to be converted to characters.
hibyte - the top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode character.
offset - the initial offset.
count - the length.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset or count argument is invalid.
NullPointerException - if ascii is null.
See Also:
String(byte[], int), String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String), String(byte[], int, int), String(byte[], java.lang.String), String(byte[])

String
copy-> new String(, , , )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <int offset>, <int length>, <String enc>);

Construct a new String by converting the specified subarray of bytes using the specified character encoding. The length of the new String is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.

Parameters:
bytes - The bytes to be converted into characters
offset - Index of the first byte to convert
length - Number of bytes to convert
enc - The name of a supported character encoding
Throws:
UnsupportedEncodingException - if the named encoding is not supported
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset and count arguments index characters outside the bounds of the value array.
Since:
JDK1.1

String
copy-> new String(, )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <String enc>);

Construct a new String by converting the specified array of bytes using the specified character encoding. The length of the new String is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.

Parameters:
bytes - The bytes to be converted into characters
enc - The name of a supported character encoding
Throws:
UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named encoding is not supported
Since:
JDK1.1

String
copy-> new String( )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<char[] value>);

Allocates a new String so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.

Parameters:
value - the initial value of the string.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if value is null.

String
copy-> new String(, , )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<char[] value>, <int offset>, <int count>);

Allocates a new String that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument. The offset argument is the index of the first character of the subarray and the count argument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.

Parameters:
value - array that is the source of characters.
offset - the initial offset.
count - the length.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset and count arguments index characters outside the bounds of the value array.
NullPointerException - if value is null.

String
copy-> new String( )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<String value>);

Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string.

Parameters:
value - a String.

String
copy-> new String( )
copy-> <String var> = new String(<StringBuffer buffer>);

Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument. The contents of the string buffer are copied; subsequent modification of the string buffer does not affect the newly created string.

Parameters:
buffer - a StringBuffer.
Throws:
NullPointerException - If buffer is null.

Method Summary

char charAt(int index)
copy-> .charAt( )
copy-> <char var>=<String>.charAt(<int index>);

Returns the character at the specified index. An index ranges from 0 to length() - 1. The first character of the sequence is at index 0, the next at index 1, and so on, as for array indexing.

Parameters:
index - the index of the character.
Returns:
the character at the specified index of this string. The first character is at index 0.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index argument is negative or not less than the length of this string.

int compareTo(Object o)
copy-> .compareTo( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.compareTo(<Object o>);

Compares this String to another Object. If the Object is a String, this function behaves like compareTo(String). Otherwise, it throws a ClassCastException (as Strings are comparable only to other Strings).

Specified by:
compareTo in interface Comparable

Parameters:
o - the Object to be compared.
Returns:
the value 0 if the argument is a string lexicographically equal to this string; a value less than 0 if the argument is a string lexicographically greater than this string; and a value greater than 0 if the argument is a string lexicographically less than this string.
Throws:
ClassCastException - if the argument is not a String.
Since:
1.2

See Also:
Comparable

int compareTo(String anotherString)
copy-> .compareTo( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.compareTo(<String anotherString>);

Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings. The character sequence represented by this String object is compared lexicographically to the character sequence represented by the argument string. The result is a negative integer if this String object lexicographically precedes the argument string. The result is a positive integer if this String object lexicographically follows the argument string. The result is zero if the strings are equal; compareTo returns 0 exactly when the equals(Object) method would return true.
This is the definition of lexicographic ordering. If two strings are different, then either they have different characters at some index that is a valid index for both strings, or their lengths are different, or both. If they have different characters at one or more index positions, let k be the smallest such index; then the string whose character at position k has the smaller value, as determined by using the < operator, lexicographically precedes the other string. In this case, compareTo returns the difference of the two character values at position k in the two string -- that is, the value:
this.charAt(k)-anotherString.charAt(k)
If there is no index position at which they differ, then the shorter string lexicographically precedes the longer string. In this case, compareTo returns the difference of the lengths of the strings -- that is, the value:
this.length()-anotherString.length()

Parameters:
anotherString - the String to be compared.
Returns:
the value 0 if the argument string is equal to this string; a value less than 0 if this string is lexicographically less than the string argument; and a value greater than 0 if this string is lexicographically greater than the string argument.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if anotherString is null.

int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)
copy-> .compareToIgnoreCase( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.compareToIgnoreCase(<String str>);

Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case considerations. This method returns an integer whose sign is that of this.toUpperCase().toLowerCase().compareTo( str.toUpperCase().toLowerCase()).
Note that this method does not take locale into account, and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. The java.text package provides collators to allow locale-sensitive ordering.

Parameters:
str - the String to be compared.
Returns:
a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the the specified String is greater than, equal to, or less than this String, ignoring case considerations.
Since:
1.2

See Also:
Collator.compare(String, String)

String concat(String str)
copy-> .concat( )
copy-> <String var>=<String>.concat(<String str>);

Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
If the length of the argument string is 0, then this String object is returned. Otherwise, a new String object is created, representing a character sequence that is the concatenation of the character sequence represented by this String object and the character sequence represented by the argument string.
Examples:
"cares".concat("s") returns "caress" "to".concat("get").concat("her") returns "together"

Parameters:
str - the String that is concatenated to the end of this String.
Returns:
a string that represents the concatenation of this object's characters followed by the string argument's characters.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if str is null.

static String copyValueOf(char[] data)
copy-> String.copyValueOf( )
copy-> <String var>=String.copyValueOf(<char[] data>);

Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array. It creates a new array and copies the characters into it.

Parameters:
data - the character array.
Returns:
a String that contains the characters of the character array.

static String copyValueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count)
copy-> String.copyValueOf(, , )
copy-> <String var>=String.copyValueOf(<char[] data>, <int offset>, <int count>);

Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array. It creates a new array and copies the characters into it.

Parameters:
data - the character array.
offset - initial offset of the subarray.
count - length of the subarray.
Returns:
a String that contains the characters of the specified subarray of the character array.

boolean endsWith(String suffix)
copy-> .endsWith( )
copy-> <boolean var>=<String>.endsWith(<String suffix>);

Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.

Parameters:
suffix - the suffix.
Returns:
true if the character sequence represented by the argument is a suffix of the character sequence represented by this object; false otherwise. Note that the result will be true if the argument is the empty string or is equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if suffix is null.

boolean equals(Object anObject)
copy-> .equals( )
copy-> <boolean var>=<String>.equals(<Object anObject>);

Compares this string to the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a String object that represents the same sequence of characters as this object.

Overrides:
equals in class Object

Parameters:
anObject - the object to compare this String against.
Returns:
true if the String are equal; false otherwise.
See Also:
compareTo(java.lang.String), equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String)

boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString)
copy-> .equalsIgnoreCase( )
copy-> <boolean var>=<String>.equalsIgnoreCase(<String anotherString>);

Compares this String to another String, ignoring case considerations. Two strings are considered equal ignoring case if they are of the same length, and corresponding characters in the two strings are equal ignoring case.
Two characters c1 and c2 are considered the same, ignoring case if at least one of the following is true:
The two characters are the same (as compared by the == operator).
Applying the method Character.toUpperCase(char) to each character produces the same result.
Applying the method Character.toLowerCase(char) to each character produces the same result.

Parameters:
anotherString - the String to compare this String against.
Returns:
true if the argument is not null and the Strings are equal, ignoring case; false otherwise.
See Also:
equals(Object), Character.toLowerCase(char), Character.toUpperCase(char)

byte[] getBytes()
copy-> .getBytes()
copy-> <byte var>=<String>.getBytes();

Convert this String into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, storing the result into a new byte array.

Returns:
the resultant byte array.
Since:
JDK1.1

void getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin)
copy-> .getBytes(, , , )
copy-> <String>.getBytes(<int srcBegin>, <int srcEnd>, <byte[] dst>, <int dstBegin>);

Deprecated. This method does not properly convert characters into bytes. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the getBytes(String enc) method, which takes a character-encoding name, or the getBytes() method, which uses the platform's default encoding.

Copies characters from this string into the destination byte array. Each byte receives the 8 low-order bits of the corresponding character. The eight high-order bits of each character are not copied and do not participate in the transfer in any way.
The first character to be copied is at index srcBegin; the last character to be copied is at index srcEnd-1. The total number of characters to be copied is srcEnd-srcBegin. The characters, converted to bytes, are copied into the subarray of dst starting at index dstBegin and ending at index:
dstbegin + (srcEnd-srcBegin) - 1

Parameters:
srcBegin - index of the first character in the string to copy.
srcEnd - index after the last character in the string to copy.
dst - the destination array.
dstBegin - the start offset in the destination array.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if any of the following is true: srcBegin is negative
srcBegin is greater than srcEnd
srcEnd is greater than the length of this String
dstBegin is negative
dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin) is larger than dst.length
NullPointerException - if dst is null

byte[] getBytes(String enc)
copy-> .getBytes( )
copy-> <byte var>=<String>.getBytes(<String enc>);

Convert this String into bytes according to the specified character encoding, storing the result into a new byte array.

Parameters:
enc - The name of a supported character encoding
Returns:
The resultant byte array
Throws:
UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named encoding is not supported
Since:
JDK1.1

void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)
copy-> .getChars(, , , )
copy-> <String>.getChars(<int srcBegin>, <int srcEnd>, <char[] dst>, <int dstBegin>);

Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
The first character to be copied is at index srcBegin; the last character to be copied is at index srcEnd-1 (thus the total number of characters to be copied is srcEnd-srcBegin). The characters are copied into the subarray of dst starting at index dstBegin and ending at index:
dstbegin + (srcEnd-srcBegin) - 1

Parameters:
srcBegin - index of the first character in the string to copy.
srcEnd - index after the last character in the string to copy.
dst - the destination array.
dstBegin - the start offset in the destination array.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - If any of the following is true:
srcBegin is negative.
srcBegin is greater than srcEnd
srcEnd is greater than the length of this string
dstBegin is negative
dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin) is larger than dst.length
NullPointerException - if dst is null

int hashCode()
copy-> .hashCode()
copy-> <int var>=<String>.hashCode();

Returns a hashcode for this string. The hashcode for a String object is computed as
s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
using int arithmetic, where s[i] is the ith character of the string, n is the length of the string, and ^ indicates exponentiation. (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)

Overrides:
hashCode in class Object

Returns:
a hash code value for this object.

int indexOf(int ch)
copy-> .indexOf( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.indexOf(<int ch>);

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character. If a character with value ch occurs in the character sequence represented by this String object, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned -- that is, the smallest value k such that:
this.charAt(k) == ch
is true. If no such character occurs in this string, then -1 is returned.

Parameters:
ch - a character.
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1 if the character does not occur.

int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
copy-> .indexOf(, )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.indexOf(<int ch>, <int fromIndex>);

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
If a character with value ch occurs in the character sequence represented by this String object at an index no smaller than fromIndex, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned--that is, the smallest value k such that:
(this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k >= fromIndex)
is true. If no such character occurs in this string at or after position fromIndex, then -1 is returned.
There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of this string: -1 is returned.

Parameters:
ch - a character.
fromIndex - the index to start the search from.
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is greater than or equal to fromIndex, or -1 if the character does not occur.

int indexOf(String str)
copy-> .indexOf( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.indexOf(<String str>);

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value k such that:
this.startsWith(str, k)
is true.

Parameters:
str - any string.
Returns:
if the string argument occurs as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the first such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if str is null.

int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
copy-> .indexOf(, )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.indexOf(<String str>, <int fromIndex>);

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index. The integer returned is the smallest value k such that:
this.startsWith(str, k) && (k >= fromIndex)
is true.
There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of this string: -1 is returned.

Parameters:
str - the substring to search for.
fromIndex - the index to start the search from.
Returns:
If the string argument occurs as a substring within this object at a starting index no smaller than fromIndex, then the index of the first character of the first such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a substring starting at fromIndex or beyond, -1 is returned.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if str is null

String intern()
copy-> .intern()
copy-> <String var>=<String>.intern();

Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the class String.
When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.
It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.
All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in �3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification

Returns:
a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.

int lastIndexOf(int ch)
copy-> .lastIndexOf( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.lastIndexOf(<int ch>);

Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character. That is, the index returned is the largest value k such that:
this.charAt(k) == ch
is true. The String is searched backwards starting at the last character.

Parameters:
ch - a character.
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1 if the character does not occur.

int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
copy-> .lastIndexOf(, )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.lastIndexOf(<int ch>, <int fromIndex>);

Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index. That is, the index returned is the largest value k such that:
this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k <= fromIndex)
is true.

Parameters:
ch - a character.
fromIndex - the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is less than or equal to fromIndex, or -1 if the character does not occur before that point.

int lastIndexOf(String str)
copy-> .lastIndexOf( )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.lastIndexOf(<String str>);

Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring. The rightmost empty string "" is considered to occur at the index value this.length(). The returned index is the largest value k such that
this.startsWith(str, k)
is true.

Parameters:
str - the substring to search for.
Returns:
if the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if str is null.

int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
copy-> .lastIndexOf(, )
copy-> <int var>=<String>.lastIndexOf(<String str>, <int fromIndex>);

Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. The returned index indicates the start of the substring, and it must be equal to or less than fromIndex. That is, the index returned is the largest value k such that:
this.startsWith(str, k) && (k <= fromIndex)

Parameters:
str - the substring to search for.
fromIndex - the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
Returns:
If the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring within this object at a starting index no greater than fromIndex, then the index of the first character of the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a substring starting at fromIndex or earlier, -1 is returned.
Throws:
NullPointerException - if str is null.

int length()
copy-> .length()
copy-> <int var>=<String>.length();

Returns the length of this string. The length is equal to the number of 16-bit Unicode characters in the string.

Returns:
the length of the sequence of characters represented by this object.

boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len)
copy-> .regionMatches(, , , , )
copy-> <boolean var>=<String>.regionMatches(<boolean ignoreCase>, <int toffset>, <String other>, <int ooffset>, <int len>);

Tests if two string regions are equal.
A substring of this String object is compared to a substring of the argument other. The result is true if these substrings represent character sequences that are the same, ignoring case if and only if ignoreCase is true. The substring of this String object to be compared begins at index toffset and has length len. The substring of other to be compared begins at index ooffset and has length len. The result is false if and only if at least one of the following is true:
toffset is negative.
ooffset is negative.
toffset+len is greater than the length of this String object.
ooffset+len is greater than the length of the other argument.
There is some nonnegative integer k less than len such that:
this.charAt(toffset+k) != other.charAt(ooffset+k)

ignoreCase is true and there is some nonnegative integer k less than len such that:
Character.toLowerCase(this.charAt(toffset+k)) != Character.toLowerCase(other.charAt(ooffset+k))
and:
Character.toUpperCase(this.charAt(toffset+k)) != Character.toUpperCase(other.charAt(ooffset+k))

Parameters:
ignoreCase - if true, ignore case when comparing characters.
toffset - the starting offset of the subregion in this string.
other - the string argument.
ooffset - the starting offset of the subregion in the string argument.
len - the number of characters to compare.
Returns:
true if the specified subregion of this string matches the specified subregion of the string argument; false otherwise. Whether the matching is exact or case insensitive depends on the ignoreCase argument.

boolean regionMatches(int toffset, String other,

Constructor Summary
String copy-> `new String()` copy-> `<String var> = new String();` Initializes a newly created `String` object so that it represents an empty character sequence.
String copy-> `new String( )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>);` Construct a new `String` by converting the specified array of bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The length of the new `String` is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array. Parameters: `bytes` - The bytes to be converted into characters Since: JDK1.1
String copy-> `new String(, )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] ascii>, <int hibyte>);` Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the `String` constructors that take a character-encoding name or that use the platform's default encoding. Allocates a new `String` containing characters constructed from an array of 8-bit integer values. Each character cin the resulting string is constructed from the corresponding component b in the byte array such that: c == (char)(((hibyte & 0xff) << 8) \| (b & 0xff)) Parameters: `ascii` - the bytes to be converted to characters. `hibyte` - the top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode character. Throws: `NullPointerException` - If `ascii` is `null`. See Also: `String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String)`, `String(byte[], int, int)`, `String(byte[], java.lang.String)`, `String(byte[])`
String copy-> `new String(, , )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <int offset>, <int length>);` Construct a new `String` by converting the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The length of the new `String` is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray. Parameters: `bytes` - The bytes to be converted into characters `offset` - Index of the first byte to convert `length` - Number of bytes to convert Since: JDK1.1
String copy-> `new String(, , , )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] ascii>, <int hibyte>, <int offset>, <int count>);` Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the `String` constructors that take a character-encoding name or that use the platform's default encoding. Allocates a new `String` constructed from a subarray of an array of 8-bit integer values. The `offset` argument is the index of the first byte of the subarray, and the `count` argument specifies the length of the subarray. Each `byte` in the subarray is converted to a `char` as specified in the method above. Parameters: `ascii` - the bytes to be converted to characters. `hibyte` - the top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode character. `offset` - the initial offset. `count` - the length. Throws: `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the `offset` or `count` argument is invalid. `NullPointerException` - if `ascii` is `null`. See Also: `String(byte[], int)`, `String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String)`, `String(byte[], int, int)`, `String(byte[], java.lang.String)`, `String(byte[])`
String copy-> `new String(, , , )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <int offset>, <int length>, <String enc>);` Construct a new `String` by converting the specified subarray of bytes using the specified character encoding. The length of the new `String` is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray. Parameters: `bytes` - The bytes to be converted into characters `offset` - Index of the first byte to convert `length` - Number of bytes to convert `enc` - The name of a supported character encoding Throws: `UnsupportedEncodingException` - if the named encoding is not supported `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the `offset` and `count` arguments index characters outside the bounds of the `value` array. Since: JDK1.1
String copy-> `new String(, )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<byte[] bytes>, <String enc>);` Construct a new `String` by converting the specified array of bytes using the specified character encoding. The length of the new `String` is a function of the encoding, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array. Parameters: `bytes` - The bytes to be converted into characters `enc` - The name of a supported character encoding Throws: `UnsupportedEncodingException` - If the named encoding is not supported Since: JDK1.1
String copy-> `new String( )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<char[] value>);` Allocates a new `String` so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string. Parameters: `value` - the initial value of the string. Throws: `NullPointerException` - if `value` is `null`.
String copy-> `new String(, , )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<char[] value>, <int offset>, <int count>);` Allocates a new `String` that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument. The `offset` argument is the index of the first character of the subarray and the `count` argument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string. Parameters: `value` - array that is the source of characters. `offset` - the initial offset. `count` - the length. Throws: `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the `offset` and `count` arguments index characters outside the bounds of the `value` array. `NullPointerException` - if `value` is `null`.
String copy-> `new String( )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<String value>);` Initializes a newly created `String` object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Parameters: `value` - a `String`.
String copy-> `new String( )` copy-> `<String var> = new String(<StringBuffer buffer>);` Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument. The contents of the string buffer are copied; subsequent modification of the string buffer does not affect the newly created string. Parameters: `buffer` - a `StringBuffer`. Throws: `NullPointerException` - If `buffer` is `null`.

java.lang Class String

java.lang
Class String