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Andrzej Szalas

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2018
[15] Barbara Dunin-Kęplicz, Alina Powala (Strachocka) and Andrzej Szalas. 2018.
Variations on Jaśkowski’s Discursive Logic.
In Ángel GarridoUrszula Wybraniec-Skardowska, editor, The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present, pages 485–497. In series: Studies in Universal Logic #??. Birkhäuser. ISBN: 9783319654294, 9783319654300.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65430-0_34.

Stanisław Jaśkowski, in his 1948–1949 papers on propositional calculus for contradictory deductive systems, proposed discursive logic D<sub>2</sub>. The main motivation behind D<sub>2</sub> is the need to properly deal with contradictions that naturally appear in many areas of philosophy and discourse. The intuitive justification of this logic reflects knowledge fusion occurring when “the theses advanced by several participants in a discourse are combined into a single system.” This point of view was seminal in the mid twentieth century and remains visionary nowadays.In contemporary autonomous systems operating in dynamic, unpredictable information-rich environments, distributed reasoning routinely takes place. This explains the key role of knowledge fusion, among others, in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Therefore, different types of modern knowledge and belief bases become primarily concerned with inconsistent or lacking information. This requirement leads to recent approaches to paraconsistent and paracomplete reasoning, where nonmonotonic techniques for disambiguating inconsistencies and completing missing knowledge can be applied.In this chapter we remind Jaśkowski’s seminal, pioneering work on paraconsistent reasoning and indicate some of its relations to contemporary research on reasoning in Distributed AI.

[14] Patrick Doherty and Andrzej Szalas. 2018.
Signed Dual Tableaux for Kleene Answer Set Programs.
In Golińska-Pilarek J., Zawidzki M., editors, Ewa Orłowska on Relational Methods in Logic and Computer Science, pages 233–252. In series: Outstanding Contributions to Logic #17. Springer. ISBN: 9783319978789, 9783319978796.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97879-6_9.

<em>Dual tableaux</em> were introduced by Rasiowa and Sikorski (1960) as a cut free deduction system for classical first-order logic. In the current paper, a sound and complete proof procedure based on dual tableaux is proposed for<em> R</em><sub><em>3</em> </sub>which is the standard Kleene logic augmented with a weak negation connective and an implication connective proposed, in another context, by Shepherdson (1989).<em> R<sub>3</sub></em>is used as a basis for defining Kleene Answer Set Programs (ASP<em><sup>K</sup></em>programs). The semantics forASP<em><sup>K</sup></em>programs is based on strongly supported models. Both entailment procedures and model generation procedures for normal and non-normalASP<em><sup>K</sup></em>programs are proposed based on the use of dual tableaux and a model filtering technique. The dual tableau proof procedure extended with a model filtering technique is shown to be sound and complete forASP<em><sup>K</sup></em>programs, both normal and non-normal. Since there is a direct relationship between answer sets for classical ASP programs and<em>R<sub>3</sub></em>models forASP<sup>K</sup>programs, it can be shown that the sound and complete dual tableaux proof procedure with filtering for ASPK\" role=\"presentation\"&gt;ASPKprograms is also sound and complete for classical normal ASP programs. For classical non-normal ASP programs, the proof procedure is only sound, since an alternative semantics for disjunction is used inASP<sup>K </sup>

2015
[13] Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Andrzej Szalas. 2015.
A New Perspective on Goals.
In Sujata Ghosh and Jakub Szymanik, editors, The Facts Matter: Essays on Logic and Cognition in Honour of Rineke Verbrugge, pages 50–66. College Publications. ISBN: 978-1-84890-173-5.
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This book is in celebration of Rineke Verbrugge's 50th birthday. It is a product of an incredible effort on the part of Rineke's teachers, colleagues, students and friends who have all been won over by her ever-encouraging and positive presence in academia and also in daily life. Pertaining to Rineke's research interests, the book features eight articles on a wide range of topics - from theories of arithmetic to a study on autism. The papers on hybrid logic, formal theories of belief, probability, goals, social networks, and bisimulations enrich the logic section of the book while papers on cognitive strategizing and social cognition bring up the cognitive perspective. The themes themselves provide a compelling perception of the vast expanse of Rineke's academic interests and endeavours. A series of personal comments, stories, anecdotes, and pictures constitute the latter part of the book, adding a distinct personal touch to this volume.

[12] Full text  Patrick Doherty and Andrzej Szalas. 2015.
Stability, Supportedness, Minimality and Kleene Answer Set Programs.
In Thomas Eiter, Hannes Strass, Mirosław Truszczynski, Stefan Woltran, editors, Advances in Knowledge Representation, Logic Programming, and Abstract Argumentation: Essays Dedicated to Gerhard Brewka on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, pages 125–140. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9060. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-319-14725-3, 978-3-319-14726-0.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14726-0_9.
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Answer Set Programming is a widely known knowledge representation framework based on the logic programming paradigm that has been extensively studied in the past decades. The semantic framework for Answer Set Programs is based on the use of stable model semantics. There are two characteristics intrinsically associated with the construction of stable models for answer set programs. Any member of an answer set is supported through facts and chains of rules and those members are in the answer set only if generated minimally in such a manner. These two characteristics, supportedness and minimality, provide the essence of stable models. Additionally, answer sets are implicitly partial and that partiality provides epistemic overtones to the interpretation of disjunctiver ules and default negation. This paper is intended to shed light on these characteristics by defining a semantic framework for answer set programming based on an extended first-order Kleene logic with weak and strong negation. Additionally, a definition of strongly supported models is introduced, separate from the minimality assumption explicit in stable models. This is used to both clarify and generate alternative semantic interpretations for answer set programs with disjunctive rules in addition to answer set programs with constraint rules. An algorithm is provided for computing supported models and comparative complexity results between strongly supported and stable model generation are provided.

2013
[11] Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Andrzej Szalas. 2013.
Taming Complex Beliefs.
In Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, editor, Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XI, pages 1–21. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8065. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-642-41775-7, 978-3-642-41776-4.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41776-4_1.

A novel formalization of beliefs in multiagent systems has recently been proposed by Dunin-Kęplicz and Szałas. The aim has been to bridge the gap between idealized logical approaches to modeling beliefs and their actual implementations. Therefore the stages of belief acquisition, intermediate reasoning and final belief formation have been isolated and analyzed. In conclusion, a novel semantics reflecting those stages has been provided. This semantics is based on the new concept of epistemic profile, reflecting agent’s reasoning capabilities in a dynamic and unpredictable environment. The presented approach appears suitable for building complex belief structures in the context of incomplete and/or inconsistent information. One of original ideas is that of epistemic profiles serving as a tool for transforming preliminary beliefs into final ones. As epistemic profile can be devised both on an individual and a group level in analogical manner, a uniform treatment of single agent and group beliefs has been achieved.In the current paper these concepts are further elaborated. Importantly, we indicate an implementation framework ensuring tractability of reasoning about beliefs, propose the underlying methodology and illustrate it on an example.

[10] Full text  Linh Anh Nguyen and Andrzej Szalas. 2013.
Logic-Based Roughification.
In Andrzej Skowron, Zbigniew Suraj, editors, Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems - Professor Zdzisław Pawlak in Memoriam (vol. I), pages 517–543. In series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library #42. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISBN: 978-3-642-30343-2.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30344-9_19.
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This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Zdzis{\l}aw Pawlak who passed away almost six year ago. He is the founder of the Polish school of Artificial Intelligence and one of the pioneers in Computer Engineering and Computer Science with worldwide influence. He was a truly great scientist, researcher, teacher and a human being.This book prepared in two volumes contains more than 50 chapters. This demonstrates that the scientific approaches discovered by of Professor Zdzis{\l}aw Pawlak, especially the rough set approach as a tool for dealing with imperfect knowledge, are vivid and intensively explored by many researchers in many places throughout the world. The submitted papers prove that interest in rough set research is growing and is possible to see many new excellent results both on theoretical foundations and applications of rough sets alone or in combination with other approaches.We are proud to offer the readers this book.

2012
[9] Linh Anh Nguyen and Andrzej Szalas. 2012.
Paraconsistent Reasoning for Semantic Web Agents.
In Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, editor, Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence VI, pages 36–55. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7190. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISBN: 978-3-642-29355-9, 978-3-642-29356-6.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29356-6_2.
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The LNCS journal Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence (TCCI) focuses on all facets of computational collective intelligence (CCI) and their applications in a wide range of fields such as the Semantic Web, social networks and multi-agent systems. TCCI strives to cover new methodological, theoretical and practical aspects of CCI understood as the form of intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals (artificial and/or natural). The application of multiple computational intelligence technologies such as fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, neural systems, consensus theory, etc., aims to support human and other collective intelligence and to create new forms of CCI in natural and/or artificial systems.This, the sixth issue of Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence contains 10 selected papers, focusing on the topics of classification, agent cooperation, paraconsistent reasoning and agent distributed mobile interaction.

[8] Full text  Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Andrzej Szalas. 2012.
Agents in Approximate Environments.
In Jan Ejick and Rineke Verbrugge, editors, Games, Actions and Social Software: Multidisciplinary Aspects, pages 141–163. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7010. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-642-29325-2, 978-3-642-29326-9.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29326-9_8.
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Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book collects a set of chapters of the multi-disciplinary project \"Games, actions and Social software\" which was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) in Wassenaar, from September 2006 through January 2007.&lt;br&gt;The chapters focus on social software and the social sciences, knowledge, belief and action, perception, communication, and cooperation.

2009
[7] Andrzej Szalas and Alicja Szalas. 2009.
Paraconsistent Reasoning with Words.
In Aspects of Natural Language Processing: Essays Dedicated to Leonard Bolc on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday, pages 43–58. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #5070. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-642-04734-3.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04735-0_2.
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Fuzzy logics are one of the most frequent approaches to model uncertainty and vagueness. In the case of fuzzy modeling, degrees of belief and disbelief sum up to 1, which causes problems in modeling the lack of knowledge and inconsistency. Therefore, so called paraconsistent intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been introduced, where the degrees of belief and disbelief are not required to sum up to 1. The situation when this sum is smaller than 1 reflects the lack of knowledge and its value greater than 1 models inconsistency. In many applications there is a strong need to guide and interpret fuzzy-like reasoning using qualitative approaches. To achieve this goal in the presence of uncertainty, lack of knowledge and inconsistency, we provide a framework for qualitative interpretation of the results of fuzzy-like reasoning by labeling numbers with words, like <em>true, false, inconsistent, unknown</em>, reflecting truth values of a suitable, usually finitely valued logical formalism.

2007
[6] Jan Maluszynski, Andrzej Szalas and Aida Vitoria. 2007.
A Four-Valued Logic for Rough Set-Like Approximate Reasoning.
In James F. Peters, Andrzej Skowron, Ivo Düntsch, Jerzy Grzymala-Busse, Ewa Orlowska and Lech Polkowski, editors, Transactions on Rough Sets VI, pages 176–190. In series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4374/2007. Springer. ISBN: 3-540-71198-8, 978-3-540-71198-8.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71200-8_11.
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Annotation The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. Volume VI of the Transactions on Rough Sets (TRS) commemorates the life and work of Zdzislaw Pawlak (1926-2006). His legacy is rich and varied. Prof. Pawlak's research contributions have had far-reaching implications inasmuch as his works are fundamental in establishing new perspectives for scientific research in a wide spectrum of fields. This volume of the TRS presents papers that reflect the profound influence of a number of research initiatives by Professor Pawlak. In particular, this volume introduces a number of new advances in the foundations and applications of artificial intelligence, engineering, logic, mathematics, and science. These advances have significant implications in a number of research areas such as the foundations of rough sets, approximate reasoning, bioinformatics, computational intelligence, cognitive science, data mining, information systems, intelligent systems, machine intelligence, and security.

2004
[5] Full text  Patrick Doherty, Jaroslaw Kachniarz and Andrzej Szalas. 2004.
Using Contextually Closed Queries for Local Closed-World Reasoning in Rough Knowledge Databases.
In Andrzej Skowron,Lech Polkowski ,Sankar K Pal, editors, Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words, pages 219–250. In series: Cognitive Technologies #??. Springer. ISBN: 9783540430599.
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Soft computing comprises various paradigms dedicated to approximately solving real-world problems, e.g., in decision making, classification or learning; among these paradigms are fuzzy sets, rough sets, neural networks, and genetic algorithms.It is well understood now in the soft computing community that hybrid approaches combining various paradigms provide very promising attempts to solving complex problems. Exploiting the potential and strength of both neural networks and rough sets, this book is devoted to rough-neurocomputing which is also related to the novel aspect of computing based on information granulation, in particular to computing with words. It provides foundational and methodological issues as well as applications in various fields.

[4] Full text  Patrick Doherty, Witold Lukaszewicz, Andrzej Skowron and Andrzej Szalas. 2004.
Approximation Transducers and Trees: A Technique for Combining Rough and Crisp Knowledge.
In Andrzej Skowron,Lech Polkowski ,Sankar K Pal, editors, Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words, pages 189–218. In series: Cognitive Technologies #??. Springer. ISBN: 9783540430599, 3540430598.
find book at a swedish library/hitta boken i ett svenskt bibliotek: http://libris.kb.se/bib/14144444
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Soft computing comprises various paradigms dedicated to approximately solving real-world problems, e.g., in decision making, classification or learning; among these paradigms are fuzzy sets, rough sets, neural networks, and genetic algorithms.It is well understood now in the soft computing community that hybrid approaches combining various paradigms provide very promising attempts to solving complex problems. Exploiting the potential and strength of both neural networks and rough sets, this book is devoted to rough-neurocomputing which is also related to the novel aspect of computing based on information granulation, in particular to computing with words. It provides foundational and methodological issues as well as applications in various fields.

2001
[3] Jaroslaw Kachniarz and Andrzej Szalas. 2001.
On a Static Approach to Verification of Integrity Constraints in Relational Databases.
In Eva Orlowska, Andrzej Szalas, editors, Relational Methods for Computer Science Applications, pages 97–109. In series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #65. Springer Physica-Verlag. ISBN: 3-7908-1365-6.
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1998
[2] Andreas Nonnengart and Andrzej Szalas. 1998.
A Fixpoint Approach to Second-Order Quantifier Elimination with Applications to Correspondence Theory.
In Ewa Orlowska, editor, Logic at work: essays dedicated to the memory of Helena Rasiowa, pages 307–328. In series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #24. Physica Verlag. ISBN: 3-7908-1164-5.
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1995
[1] Andrzej Szalas. 1995.
Temporal Logic: A Standard Approach.
In Leonard Bolc, Andrzej Szalas, editors, Time And Logic: A Computational Approach, pages 1–50. UCL Press Ltd.. ISBN: 1-85728-233-7, 978-1857282337.
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